Effective non-halogen flame-retardants combined with nSiO2 particles to improve thermal stability and fire resistance of high-performance polyurethane nanocomposite foams

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.066

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2024, Vol. 203: 1-13.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.066

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Effective non-halogen flame-retardants combined with nSiO₂ particles to improve thermal stability and fire resistance of high-performance polyurethane nanocomposite foams

Lam H. Pham^a,b, Ngoc Thuy Nguyen^a,b, Dang Mao Nguyen^c, Tuan An Nguyen^a,b, Tan Binh Nguyen^d, Jonghwan Suhr^d,e, Tien Dung Nguyen^f, Mourad Rahim^c, Anh Dung Tran-Le^g, Lucas Terrei^h, Rabah Mehaddi^h, Yuri Ferreira da Silvaⁱ, Patrick Perréⁱ, DongQuy Hoang^a,b,*

^aFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam;
^bVietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
^cUniversité de Lorraine, LERMAB, 186 Rue de Lorraine 54400 Cosnes-et-Romain, France;
^dDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
^eSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
^fInstitute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01B TL29 District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
^gLaboratory of Technologies Innovative (LTI), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly 80025 Amiens Cedex, France;
^hUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LEMTA, Nancy F-54000, France;
ⁱUniversité Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres 51110 Pomacle, France

Received:2023-10-17 Revised:2024-02-08 Accepted:2024-02-22 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2024-12-16
Contact: *E-mail addresses: dang.nguyen@univ-lorraine.fr (D.M. Nguyen), htdquy@hcmus.edu.vn (D. Hoang) .

Abstract

Abstract: This study focuses on the improvement of the thermal stability and flame-retardant performance of polyurethane (PU) foam by using effective flame-retardant additives and nano silica (nSiO₂) particles from rice husk. The addition of non-halogen flame retardants (FRs) including aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAP) leads to markedly enhanced thermal stability and fire resistance of the PU/nSiO₂/FRs nanocomposites, resulting in achieving UL-94 HB standard. In particular, the nanocomposites met the UL-94 V-0 criteria thanks to the inclusion of DAP at 25 phr. The LOI value of the nanocomposites reached 26 % which is much higher than that of PU/nSiO₂ nanocomposite, about 20 %. In order to further understand the fire-proof mechanism, the residue char layer remaining of the PU/nSiO₂/FRs nanocomposites after being burned was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). In addition, the microstructure, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were also evaluated in this study.

Key words: Flame retardancy, Polyurethane/nsio2 nanocomposite, Aluminum hydroxide, Diamonium hydrogen phosphate, Thermal stability, Nano silica from rice husk

Lam H. Pham, Ngoc Thuy Nguyen, Dang Mao Nguyen, Tuan An Nguyen, Tan Binh Nguyen, Jonghwan Suhr, Tien Dung Nguyen, Mourad Rahim, Anh Dung Tran-Le, Lucas Terrei, Rabah Mehaddi, Yuri Ferreira da Silva, Patrick Perré, DongQuy Hoang. Effective non-halogen flame-retardants combined with nSiO₂ particles to improve thermal stability and fire resistance of high-performance polyurethane nanocomposite foams[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 203: 1-13.

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Effective non-halogen flame-retardants combined with nSiO₂ particles to improve thermal stability and fire resistance of high-performance polyurethane nanocomposite foams

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