Beta-phase transformation of polyvinylidene fluoride with supersonically sprayed ZnSnO3 cuboids for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.063

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2024, Vol. 177: 103-113.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.063

• Research article • Previous Articles Next Articles

Beta-phase transformation of polyvinylidene fluoride with supersonically sprayed ZnSnO₃ cuboids for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators

Bhavana Joshi^a,1, Taegun Kim^b,1, Woojin Lim^a, Edmund Samuel^c, Chanwoo Park^a, Ali Aldalbahi^d, Mohamed El-Newehy^d, Hae-Seok Lee^c,*, Seongpil An^e,f,g,**, Sam S. Yoon^a,*

^aSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
^bCore Component Technology Team, Samsung Electronics Co Ltd. Mobile R& D Center, Samsung-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
^cEnergy Environment Policy and Technology, Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
^dDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
^eSKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
^fDepartment of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
^gDepartment of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea

Received:2023-05-29 Revised:2023-07-30 Accepted:2023-07-31 Published:2024-04-01 Online:2024-03-25
Contact: ^*E-mail addresses: lhseok@korea.ac.kr (H.-S. Lee), skyoon@korea.ac.kr (S.S. Yoon).^**SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. E-mail addresses: esan@skku.edu (S. An)
About author:¹These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Abstract: Flexible self-powered electromechanical devices, such as piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), which are used in wearable and implantable devices, are emerging as state-of-the-art clean energy sources. In this study, a scalable supersonic spraying technique was used to prepare flexible piezocomposite films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hydrothermally synthesized ZnSnO₃ (ZSO) cubes for PENGs. Raman spectra confirmed that the transformation of the α-phase of PVDF to its β-phase was induced by the shear stress generated between the ZSO particles and PVDF polymer during supersonic spraying. The optimized sample comprising 0.43 g of ZSO cubes and 1 g of PVDF produced a maximum piezopotential of 41.5 V and a short-circuit current, I_sc, of 52.5 μA. A maximum power density of 50.6 μW cm^-2 was obtained at a loading resistance of 0.4 MΩ, which matched the impedance of the PENG. Long-term tapping and bending cycles of N_tap = 4200 and N_bend = 600 yielded piezopotentials of 40.5 and 1.7 V, respectively. In addition, electrical poling for 2 h increased the piezopotential to 52 V owing to the alignment of the ferroelectric dipoles in the PVDF.

Key words: ZnSnO₃, PVDF, Composite, Perovskite, Supersonic cold spray, Piezoelectric nanogenerator

Bhavana Joshi, Taegun Kim, Woojin Lim, Edmund Samuel, Chanwoo Park, Ali Aldalbahi, Mohamed El-Newehy, Hae-Seok Lee, Seongpil An, Sam S. Yoon. Beta-phase transformation of polyvinylidene fluoride with supersonically sprayed ZnSnO₃ cuboids for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2024, 177: 103-113.

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Beta-phase transformation of polyvinylidene fluoride with supersonically sprayed ZnSnO₃ cuboids for flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators

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