Reversible Zn stripping/plating achieved by surface thin Sn layer for high-performance aqueous zinc metal batteries

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.10.040

Abstract

Abstract:

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered as the most promising candidate for large-scale energy storage system due to their abundant reserves and high safety. To achieve highly stable zinc metal batteries, it is imperative to inhibit the unavoidable dendrite growth, which leads to the non-uniform zinc deposition and even makes the battery short circuit. Herein, Sn coating is loaded on copper foil (SCF) by a simple electrodeposition to guide the uniform zinc deposition, which not only lowers the zinc nucleation overpotential but also promotes the uniform zinc deposition/dissolution. As a result, the Zn plated SCF (Zn@SCF) anode presents a low voltage hysteresis of ∼40 mV and a superior stability over 270 h in symmetric cells at a current density of 1 mA cm^-2. Furthermore, the Zn@SCF anode can realize the improved performance for full cells paired with α-MnO₂ cathode. This work provides a simple and effective approach to modify the Zn anode for improved electrochemical performance of ZMBs.

Key words: Tin coatings, Uniform zinc deposition, Zinc anode, Zinc metal batteries

Bingfeng Cui, Yu Gao, Xiaopeng Han, Wenbin Hu. Reversible Zn stripping/plating achieved by surface thin Sn layer for high-performance aqueous zinc metal batteries[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 117: 72-78.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of Zn plating process on CF and SCF.

Fig. 2. SEM images of (a, b) CF, (c, d) SCF30, (e, f) SCF60 and (g, h) SCF90. (i, j) TEM images of SCF60. (k) XRD patterns of CF, SCF30, SCF60 and SCF90.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a, b) Zn@CF, (c, d) Zn@SCF30, (e, f) Zn@SCF60 and (g, h) Zn@SCF90.

Fig. 4. (a) Voltage profiles of symmetric cells based on Zn/CF and Zn/SCF60 anodes at 1 mA cm-2 (inset: The high-resolution voltage profiles at specific times). SEM images of (b, c) Zn@CF and (d, e) Zn@SCF60 after 50 cycles at 1 mA cm-2 for 0.5 mAh cm-2. (f) Rate performance of symmetric cells based on Zn@CF and Zn@SCF60 anodes at various current densities: 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 0.5 mA cm-2 for 0.5 mAh cm-2.

Fig. 5. (a) The voltage-time curves of CF, SCF30, SCF60 and SCF90 at the current of 1 mA cm-2 with a constant areal capacity of 1 mAh cm-2 (inset: schematic diagram of plating). (b) Zn nucleation overpotentials of CF, SCF30, SCF60 and SCF90. (c) CEs of the Zn plating/stripping on CF and SCF60 electrodes at 1 mA cm-2 with the capacity limited to 1 mAh cm-2. (d) Voltage profiles of Zn plating/stripping on the CF and SCF60 substrates at 1 mA cm-2.

Fig. 6. Electrochemical performance of Zn@CF and Zn@SCF60 assembled with MnO2 cathode. (a) CV curves at 0.5 mV s-1. (b) Charge/discharge curves at 0.2 A g-1. (c) Nyquist plots before cycling. (d) Rate performance. (e) Discharge/charge curves of Zn@SCF60//MnO2 cells at different current densities. (f) Long-term cycling performance at 1 A g-1 after 600 cycles (Initial ten cycles at 0.1 A g-1). (g) Long-term cycling performance at 0.5 A g-1 after 300 cycles.

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