PVP-assisted preparation of nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon materials for supercapacitors

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.088

Abstract

Abstract:

The rich porous structure, high surface area and surface doping make nitrogen doping mesoporous carbon materials (N-MPC) attractive in various areas, including adsorption separation, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis and other fields. Herein, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is introduced into the polymerization process of assembly of phenol/formaldehyde (PF) resin by means of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction, which not only leads to the formation of uniform mesopores, but also leads to the increase of specific surface area and nitrogen doping. The amount of PVP and annealing temperature has no obvious effect on morphology, but subsequently has effect on the specific surface area and pore volume. When appropriate PVP dosage and annealing temperature are adopted, the obtained N-MPC shows abundant mesoporous, high surface area and suitable nitrogen doping. As electrode materials in supercapacitor, the N-MPC shows good performance with high capacitance good stability and rate performance, presenting its excellent promising in energy storage.

Key words: PVP-assisted, High specific surface area, Nitrogen doping, Phenol/formaldehyde resin, Supercapacitor

Juan Du, Aibing Chen, Yue Zhang, Shuang Zong, Haixia Wu, Lei Liu. PVP-assisted preparation of nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon materials for supercapacitors[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 58: 197-204.

Figures/Tables 7

Scheme 1. Illustration of synthesis of N-MPC samples.

Fig. 1. N2 adsorption-desorption test (a, c) and distribution of pore size (b, d) of N-MPC samples.

Table 1 Textural properties of N-MPC samples.

Samples	S_BET (m² g^-1)	S_micro^a (m² g^-1)	V_t^b (cm³ g^-1)	V_micro^c (cm³ g^-1)	V_n^d (%)	Pore size^e (nm)
N-MPC-0-800	922	600	0.54	0.27	50	-
N-MPC-0.5-800	956	686	0.52	0.34	65	2.7
N-MPC-1.0-800	1335	706	0.79	0.31	39	2.7
N-MPC-1.5-800	1095	697	0.64	0.32	50	2.7
N-MPC-1.0-700	590	440	0.32	0.22	68	-
N-MPC-1.0-900	1925	663	1.26	0.18	14	2.7
N-MPC-1.0-1000	2448	638	1.33	0.20	15	2.7
N-MPC-1.0-1100	2108	532	1.15	0.17	14	-

Fig. 2. SEM images of N-MPC-0.5-800 (a), N-MPC-1.0-800 (b), N-MPC-1.5-800 (c) and TEM images of N-MPC with different annealing temperatures: 700 °C (d), 800 °C (e), 900 °C (f), 1000 °C (g) and 1100 °C (h).

Fig. 3. XPS spectra (a), C1s (b), O1s (c) and N1s (d) of N-MPC-1.0-1000.

Fig. 4. Electrochemical evaluation of the N-MPC samples: (a, b) CV curves at 5 mV s-1 scan rate; (c, d) representative GCD curves at 0.5 A g-1 current density; (e, f) specific capacitances at different GCD current densities; (g, h) Nyquist plots with fitting curves and their corresponding high frequency ranges (inset).

Fig. 5. CV curves (a), GCD curves (b), capacitive contribution to energy storage at 400 mV s-1 (c), specific capacitances calculated by GCD (d), Ragone plots (e) and long cycle ability (f) of N-MPC-1.0-1000 in two-electrode system.

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