Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for supercapacitors

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (NPCs) have been successfully fabricated by a simple one-step pyrolysis of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the presence of KOH. The as-synthesized NPCs displayed a high specific surface area (3214?m²?g^-1) and a well-defined porous structure when the annealing temperature reached 800?°C, which showed superior electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrode materials. Electrochemical tests showed that the NPCs achieved an impressive specific capacitance of 323?F?g^-1 at a current density of 0.5?A?g^-1 in 6?M KOH aqueous solution and an outstanding cycle stability, negligible specific capacitance decay after 5000 cycles at 10?A?g^-1. This strategy offered a new insight into the preparation of novel carbon materials for the advanced energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors, fuel cells and lithium ion batteries.

Key words: Supercapacitors, DTPA, Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials

Tinghuan Wu, Lixian Sun, Fen Xu, Dan Cai. Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for supercapacitors[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(12): 2384-2391.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. SEM images of (a) NPC-0.25-600, (b) NPC-0.50-600, (c) NPC-0.75-600 and (d) NPC-1.00-600, (e) and (f) TEM images of NPC-0.50-800 at different magnifications.

Fig. 2. (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77?K, (b) DFT pore size distributions of NPC-0.00-600, NPC-0.25-600, NPC-0.50-600, NPC-0.75-600, and NPC-1.00-600.

Table 1 BET specific surface area, total pore volume, the average diameter of pore and elemental composition of the NPCS.

Sample	S_BET (m² g^-1)^a	V_total^b (m³ g^-1)	D^c (nm)	C (at.%)	N (at.%)	O (at.%)
NPC-0.00-600	0	0	0	72.66	14.09	13.25
NPC-0.25-600	1126	0.49	2.3	66.68	9.45	19.71
NPC-0.50-600	1751	0.85	1.2	59.30	8.40	27.49
NPC-0.75-600	1072	0.75	1.1	63.78	4.32	23.35
NPC-1.00-600	1620	1.07	1.2	65.92	4.10	21.22
NPC-0.50-500	858	0.38	2.3	58.37	9.36	21.16
NPC-0.50-600	1751	0.85	1.2	59.30	8.40	27.49
NPC-0.50-700	2392	1.35	1.3	65.05	7.98	23.34
NPC-0.50-800	3214	1.92	1.3	67.22	6.85	23.28

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00); (c) XPS spectra of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00); (d) proportions of each nitrogen type in the total N content of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00).

Fig. 4. (a) CV curves of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) electrodes at the scan rate of 50?mV s-1 and (b) GCD curves of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) electrodes at the current density of 1?A g-1. (c) CV curves and (d) GCD curves of the NPC-0.5-600 electrode at different scan rates and current densities. (e) and (f) Specific capacitance retention ratio at different current densities of NPC-x-600 (x?=?0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00).

Fig. 5. (a) CV curves of NPC-0.5-t (t?=?500, 600, 700, 800 and 900) electrodes at the scan rate of 50?mV s-1 and (b) GCD curves of NPC-0.5-t (t?=?500, 600, 700, 800 and 900) electrodes at the current density of 1?A g-1; (c) CV curves NPC-0.5-800 electrode at the scan rate of at 5-150?mV s-1; (d) GCD curves of NPC-0.5-t (t?=?500, 600, 700, 800 and 900) electrodes at the current density of 0.5-10?A g-1; (e) The Nyquist impedance plots of NPC-0.5-t (t?=?500, 600, 700, 800 and 900); (f) The cycling performance of the NPC-0.5-800 electrode collected at a current density of 10?A g-1 for 5000 cycles.

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