Relationship between microstructure and hydrogen induced cracking behavior in a low alloy pipeline steel

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.09.013

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) behaviors of a high strength pipeline steel with three different microstructures, granular bainite & lath bainite (GB + LB), granular bainite & acicular ferrite (GB + AF), and quasi-polygonal ferrite (QF), were studied by using corrosion experiment based on standard NACE TM 0284. The HIC experiment was conducted in hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-saturated solution. The experimental results show that the steel with GB + AF and QF microstructure present excellent corrosion resistance to HIC, whereas the phases of bainite lath and martensite/austenite in LB + GB microstructure are responsible for poor corrosion resistance. Compared with ferrite phase, the bainite microstructure exhibits higher strength and crack susceptibility of HIC. The AF + GB microstructure is believed to have the best combination of mechanical properties and resistance to HIC among the designed steels.

Key words: Pipeline steel, Microstructure, Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), Corrosion resistance

. [J]. 材料科学与技术, 2017, 33(12): 1504-1512.

Li Jing, Gao Xiuhua, Du Linxiu, Liu Zhenguang. Relationship between microstructure and hydrogen induced cracking behavior in a low alloy pipeline steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(12): 1504-1512.

图/表 14

Table 1 Chemical composition of the experimental steel (mass fraction, %).

C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cr	Cu	Mo	Nb	Ti	Al	Fe
0.05	0.20	1.50	0.005	0.001	0.20	0.30	0.30	0.20	0.04	0.01	0.03	Bal.

Table 2 Processing parameters in the TMCP for the experimental steel.

Steel	Rough rolling		Finish rolling		Accelerated cooling
	Start rolling temp. (°C)	Finish rolling temp. (°C)	Start rolling temp. (°C)	Finish rolling temp. (°C)	Finish cooling temp. (°C)	Cooling rate(°C s^-1)
QF	1174	1112	819	810	500	24
GB	1112	1022	809	805	450	24
LB	1147	1105	819	807	300	72

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the specimen for HIC experiment and the surfaces to be observed.

Fig. 2. The SEM microstructures of the experimental steels: (a) steel QF, (b) steel GB, (c) steel LB.

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the experimental steels.

Steel	R_t0.5 (MPa)	R_m (MPa)	R_t0.5/R_m	A₅₀ (%)	A_k (J) (-20 °C)
QF	557	705	0.79	22	293
GB	600	695	0.87	22	279
LB	680	933	0.73	17	175

Fig. 3. Fracture surface of Charpy impact specimen at -20 °C: (a) steel QF, (b) steel GB, (c) steel LB.

Fig. 4. Macro surface morphologies of the experimental steels after HIC experiment.

Table 4 HIC susceptibility parameters of tested steels.

Samples	Sections	CLR (%)	CTR (%)	CSR (%)
QF	1	0	0	0
	2	0	0	0
	3	0	0	0
	average	0	0	0
GB	1	0	0	0
	2	0	0	0
	3	0	0	0
	average	0	0	0
LB	1	0.2592	0.0691	0.0011
	2	0	0	0
	3	0	0	0
	average	0.0864	0.0230	0.0004

Fig. 5. OM (a) and SEM (b) views of the cracks on the steel with LB + GB microstructure.

Fig. 6. (a) SEM morphology of HIC in steel with LB + GB microstructure and (b) EDS of the particle in hydrogen crack path.

Fig. 7. Grain boundary misorientation map of the experimental steels: (a) steel QF, (b) steel GB, (c) steel LB. Black and red lines indicate the ferrite grain boundary (θ ≥ 15°) and low misorientation angle boundary (2° ≤ θ ≤ 15°), respectively.

Fig. 8. Grain boundary misorientation distribution of tested steels: (a) steel QF, (b) steel GB, (c) steel LB.

Fig. 9. TEM microstructures of the experimental steels: (a) steel QF, (b) steel GB, (c) steel LB.

Fig. 10. Precipitation characteristics under TEM: (a) Nbx(C,N)y particles, (b) composition of Nbx(C,N)y particles by EDS, (c) morphology of composite carbonitride precipitations formed by Ti and Nb, (d) composition of (Nb,Ti) (C,N) particles by EDS.

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