Microbiologically influenced corrosion behavior of S32654 super austenitic stainless steel in the presence of marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.03.002

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

S32654 super austenitic stainless steel (SASS) is widely used in highly corrosive environments. However, its microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) behavior has not been reported yet. In this study, the corrosion behavior of S32654 SASS caused by a corrosive marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using electrochemical measurements and surface analysis techniques. It was found that P. aeruginosa biofilm accelerated the corrosion rate of S325654 SASS, which was demonstrated by a negative shift of the open circuit potential (E_OCP), a decrease of polarization resistance and an increase of corrosion current density in the culture medium. The largest pit depth of the coupons exposed in the P. aeruginosa broth for 14 days was 2.83 μm, much deeper than that of the control (1.33 μm) in the abiotic culture medium. It was likely that the P. aeruginosa biofilm catalyzed the formation of CrO₃, which was detrimental to the passive film, resulting in MIC pitting corrosion.

Key words: Microbiologically influenced corrosion, Super austenitic stainless steel, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biofilm, Pitting corrosion

. [J]. 材料科学与技术, 2017, 33(12): 1596-1603.

Li Huabing, Yang Chuntian, Zhou Enze, Yang Chunguang, Feng Hao, Jiang Zhouhua, Xu Dake, Gu Tingyue, Yang Ke. Microbiologically influenced corrosion behavior of S32654 super austenitic stainless steel in the presence of marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(12): 1596-1603.

图/表 17

Table 1 Chemical compositions (wt%) of S32654 SASS.

C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni	N	Mo	Cu	Fe
0.012	2.92	0.005	0.002	0.39	24.45	22.58	0.54	7.38	0.46	Bal.

Table 2 Mechanical properties of S32654 SASS.

Tensile strength (MPa)	Yield strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
795	433	66.0

Fig. 1. Morpology of biofilm on S32654 SASS coupon surface: (a) SEM image of coupon in P. aeruginosa inoculated medium after 7 days, (b) SEM image of coupon in P. aeruginosa inoculated medium after 14 days, (c) CLSM 3-D image of P. aeruginosa biofilm on 7th day and (d) CLSM 3-D image of P. aeruginosa biofilm on 14th day.

Fig. 2. EDS analysis of coupon in P. aeruginosa medium for 14 days: (a) P. aeruginosa biofilm and (b) bare SASS coupon surface.

Table 3 Element contents (at.%) from EDS analysis: (a) P. aeruginosa biofilm and (b) bare SASS coupon surface.

	C	N	O	Fe	Cr	Ni	Mn	Mo	Cu	Si
a	13.42	17.23	18.65	22.17	15.35	10.92	1.79	-	0.47	-
b	3.49	0.76	-	40.87	26.96	20.76	3.28	3.06	-	0.82

Fig. 3. EOCP vs. time for coupons with and without P. aeruginosa after 14 days.

Fig. 4. Cyclic poarization curves of coupons with and without P. aeruginosa on 14th day.

Table 4 Parameters obtained from cyclic polarization curves for S32654 SASS in abiotic and P. aeruginosa media after 14 days.

Medium	i_corr (μA cm^-2)	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	E_pit (V vs. SCE)	E_pro (V vs. SCE)	ΔE (V vs. SCE)
In abiotic	0.056	-0.507	1.159	0.961	0.198
In P. aeruginosa broth	2.920	-0.735	1.049	0.859	0.190

Fig. 5. LPR results for coupons with and without P. aeruginosa after 14 days: (a) linear polarization resistance (Rp) vs. time and (b) icorr vs. time.

Fig. 6. Nyquist plots and bode plots of S32654 SASS in: abiotic medium (a, b) after 14 days, and P. aeruginosa inoculated medium (c, d) after 14 days.

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit applied to simulate the corrosion behavior of S32654 SASS in the presence of abiotic medium and P. aeruginosa inoculated medium.

Table 5 EIS fitting results of S32654 SASS with and without P. aeruginosa.

Medium	Duration (days)	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q_f × 10^-5 (Ω^-1 Sⁿ cm^-2)	n_f	R_f (Ω cm²)	Q_dl × 10^-5 (Ω^-1 Sⁿ cm^-2)	n_dl	R_ct × 10³ (kΩ cm²)	Σχ² (10^-3)
In abiotic	1	7.66	1.97	0.92	48.58	1.68	0.82	2.33	0.19
	4	7.77	2.74	0.90	66.09	1.00	0.87	7.18	0.20
	7	7.51	2.74	0.90	75.78	0.85	0.88	9.16	0.19
	14	5.92	2.28	0.88	562.20	0.85	0.83	1.31	0.20
In P. aeruginosa broth	1	7.52	3.02	0.90	73.30	0.98	0.89	0.48	0.49
	4	6.96	3.09	0.89	124.70	0.74	0.89	0.69	0.31
	7	7.34	3.10	0.89	166.70	0.53	0.89	0.42	0.57
	14	7.80	3.45	0.87	722.60	0.16	1.00	0.25	0.70

Table 6 Surface element contents (at.%) of S32654 SASS coupons measured by XPS: (A) in abiotic medium for 14 days and (B) in P. aeruginosa broth for 14 days.

Sample	C	N	O	Fe	Cr	Ni	Mo	Cl	Na
A	29.79	6.99	23.73	4.92	6.54	1.77	1.11	22.14	3.01
B	74.32	4.29	10.48	2.18	1.80	0.59	0.56	2.07	3.71

Fig. 8. XPS wide spectra of S32654 SASS coupons with and without P. aeruginosa on 14th day.

Fig. 9. XPS high resolution spectra of Cr2P for coupons in abiotic medium (a) and P. aeruginosa inoculated medium (b) after 14 days.

Table 7 Pit depth of coupons with and without P. aeruginosa after 14 days measured by CLSM.

Pit depth	Abiotic medium	Medium with P. aeruginosa
Largest pit depth (μm)	1.33	2.83
Average pit depth (μm)	1.04 ± 0.27	2.19 ± 0.44

Fig. 10. Images of the largest pit depth measured by CLSM on S32654 SASS coupon surface: (a) before exposure, (b) in abiotic medium after 14 days and (c) in P. aeruginosa inoculated medium after 14 days.

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