Electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration

Xianrui Xie^a, Yujie Chen^a^,^*, Xiaoyu Wang^a, Xiaoqing Xu^a, Yihong Shen^a, Atta ur Rehman Khan^a, Ali Aldalbahi^b^,^*(

), Allison E. Fetz^c, Gary L. Bowlin^c, Mohamed El-Newehy^b, Xiumei Mo^a^,^*(

)

Fig. 21.. Water-induced shape memory of 3D printed scaffolds made from an ink containing electrospun nanofibers [84]. (a) Square scaffold. (b) In a wet state, a tubular-shaped scaffold was obtained by folding the opposite angle of the square, and the scaffold was freeze-dried to maintain its deformed shape. (c) Shape recovery process of square scaffold after absorption of water for 12 s. (d) Square scaffold completely recovered its original shape within 20 s of water absorption. (e) Rectangular scaffold. (f) Wet scaffold was folded into a wave shape and freeze-dried to maintain its shape. (g) Shape recovery process of rectangular scaffold after water absorption for 12 s. (h) Rectangular scaffold completely recovered its original shape within 30 s of water absorption.