A data-driven framework to predict the morphology of interfacial Cu6Sn5 IMC in SAC/Cu system during laser soldering

Anil Kunwar, Lili An, Jiahui Liu, Shengyan Shang, Peter Råback, Haitao Ma, Xueguan Song

Table 3 Mean square error at the end of 1000 epochs during neural network analysis with different number of neurons in first hidden layer (HL 1) or two hidden layers. The cases with only one hidden layer and no second hidden layer, are left with blank spaces for the neurons associated with second hidden layer (HL 2).

Cases Neurons in HL 1 Neurons in HL 2 MSE (Training) MSE (Validation) I 5 - 2.3 × 10-2 1.8 × 10-2 II 6 - 1.5 × 10-2 2.7 × 10-2 III 7 - 1.9 × 10-2 2.6 × 10-2 IV 8 - 9.0 × 10-3 2.8 × 10-2 V 9 - 9.8 × 10-3 1.6 × 10-2 VI 10 - 1.24 × 10-2 1.96 × 10-2 VII 9 6 9.7 × 10-3 1.7 × 10-2 VIII 9 5 2.0 × 10-4 3.81 × 10-3 IX 8 5 2.0 × 10-2 2.3 × 10-2 X 8 4 7.0 × 10-3 1.7 × 10-2