Heat transfer and fluid flow and their effects on the solidification microstructure in full-penetration laser welding of aluminum sheet
Shaoning Genga, Ping Jianga,*(), Xinyu Shaoa, Lingyu Guob, Xuesong Gaob

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Fig. 14.. (a) SDAS obtained from experiments and phase-field simulations under different cooling rates, and the corresponding fitted curves based on Eq. (23); (b) comparison of the fitted a and n among the experimental results, the phase-field simulated results, and Easton et al.’s experimental results [45].