Heat transfer and fluid flow and their effects on the solidification microstructure in full-penetration laser welding of aluminum sheet
Shaoning Genga, Ping Jianga,*(), Xinyu Shaoa, Lingyu Guob, Xuesong Gaob

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Fig. 10.. Schematic diagram illustrating the effect of temperature gradient G and growth rate R on the morphology and size of solidification microstructure [15].