Progress in electrolytes for beyond-lithium-ion batteries

Juyan Zhang, Xuhui Yao, Ravi K. Misra, Qiong Cai, Yunlong Zhao

Table 2 Compositions of recently widely reported different types of electrolytes for different metal ion batteries.

Electrolyte types Battery types Electrolyte compositions Refs. Salts Solvents Additives Non-aqueous organic liquid electrolytes NIBs NaPF6, NaClO4, NaTFSI, NaFSI, NaFTSI, NaCF3SO3 EC, PC, EMC, DEC, DMC, DME, Triglyme, PC:EMC (1:1 vol.%), EC:DMC (2:1 wt%), EC:PC:DMC (45:45:10 vol%), EC:PC (1:1 vol.%), EC:DEC (1:1 wt%) EC:DME (1:1 wt%), Ec:triglyme (1:1 wt%) FEC FEC-PST, FEC-PST-DTD SiO2-IL-ClO4 FEC, InI3 [28,31,52,62,97] KIBs KPF6, KFSA, KTFSA, KFSI PC, DME, GBL, diglyme TMP [16,115,116,117,121] MIBs HMDSMgCl, Mg[B(hfip)4]2, Mg(HMDS) 2, [Mg(DG)2][HMDSAlCl3]2, Mg(TFSI)2 THF, diglyme, tetraglyme, DME DEME?TFSIMgCl2, AlCl3 [43,129,130,131,132,138,139,140,141,200] AIBs Dialkylsufones-AlCl3 (EiPS, EnPS, DnPS or EsBS) toluene [162] CIBs Ca(BF4)2, Ca(PF4)2, Ca(BH4)2 EC:PC(1:1 wt%) EC:PC:DMC:EMC (2:2:3:3 vol.%), THF [11,19,184] Aqueous liquid electrolytes KIBs Potassium acetate (KAc) H2O [118] ZIBs ZnSO4, Zn(CF3SO3)2 H2O MnSO2 [68,174,176] CIBs Ca(NO3)2, Ca(ClO4)2, Ca(TFSI)2, Ca(PF6)2 H2O [34,35] Ionic liquid electrolytes NIBs NaBr -NaAlCl4, NaFSA-KFSA, BMPTFSI- NaClO4, EMIBF4- NaBF4, (Pyr14TFSI)-NaFTSI EC:PC EC [55,77,99,100,101,102] MIBs MgCl3-AlCl3 Mg [201] AIBs MCl-AlCl3 (M = Li+, Na+, K+, [BMIM]+, [EMIm]+, Et3NH [58,163,164,169,202] ZIBs LiTFSI -Zn(Tfo)2, ZnBr2-KI [182] Solid electrolytes NIBs NaClO4, Na2-x(CB11H12)x(B12H12)1-x P(VdF-co-HFP), PMA-PEG [107,108,111] MIBs Mg(ClO4)2 PVdF-HFP, PEC, PVAc [127,128] AIBs [EMIm]Cl-AlCl3 acrylamide [203]