J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 106: 211-224.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.036
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Dong Wu, Wenya Li(), Kun Liu, Yang Yang, Sijie Hao
Received:
2021-04-11
Revised:
2021-07-26
Accepted:
2021-07-27
Published:
2022-04-20
Online:
2021-10-07
Contact:
Wenya Li
About author:
*E-mail address: liwy@nwpu.edu.cn (W. Li).Dong Wu, Wenya Li, Kun Liu, Yang Yang, Sijie Hao. Optimization of cold spray additive manufactured AA2024/Al2O3 metal matrix composite with heat treatment[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 106: 211-224.
Fig. 1. Morphologies of powders: (a) AA2024 powder; (b) Al2O3 powder; (c) blended feedstock powders; (d) backscatter electron image of cross section of AA2024.
Cu | Mg | Mn | Si | Fe | Zn | Ti | others | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.8-4.9 | 1.2-1.8 | 0.3-0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.15 | Bal. |
Table 1. Nominal chemical composition of 2024 aluminum alloy (wt.%).
Cu | Mg | Mn | Si | Fe | Zn | Ti | others | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.8-4.9 | 1.2-1.8 | 0.3-0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.15 | Bal. |
Condition | Temperature (°C) | Time (h) |
---|---|---|
As-sprayed | - | - |
Annealing #1 | 300 | 4 |
Annealing #2 | 400 | 4 |
Annealing #3 | 500 | 4 |
Solution | 500 | 4 |
Aging #1 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 6 |
Aging #2 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 12 |
Aging #3 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 18 |
Table 2. Time and temperature conditions for the applied heat treatment.
Condition | Temperature (°C) | Time (h) |
---|---|---|
As-sprayed | - | - |
Annealing #1 | 300 | 4 |
Annealing #2 | 400 | 4 |
Annealing #3 | 500 | 4 |
Solution | 500 | 4 |
Aging #1 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 6 |
Aging #2 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 12 |
Aging #3 | 500 + 190 | 4 + 18 |
Fig. 3. Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of deposits before and after heat treatment: (a) as-sprayed; (c) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (e) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (g) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (i) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (k) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h. (b), (d), (f), (h), (j), (l) are the magnifications of the selected areas in (a), (c), (e), (g), (i), (k).
Fig. 6. EBSD images of the CSAMed AA2024/Al2O3 composite before and after heat treatment: (a) as-sprayed; (b) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (c) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (d) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (e) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (f) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h.
Fig. 7. Misorientation angle distributions of the CSAMed AA2024/Al2O3 composite before and after heat treatment: (a) as-sprayed; (b) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (c) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (d) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (e) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (f) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h.
Fig. 8. Local misorientation images of the CSAMed AA2024/Al2O3 composite before and after heat treatment: (a) as-sprayed; (b) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (c) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (d) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (e) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (f) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h.
Fig. 9. Load-displacement curves produced with nano-identation for 5 representative points: (a) as-sprayed; (b) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (c) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (d) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (e) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (f) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h.
Fig. 12. 3D-views of the wear surfaces: (a) As-sprayed; (b) Annealing #1; (c) Annealing #2; (d) Annealing #3; (e) Solution; (f) Aging #1; (g) Aging #2; (h) Aging #3; (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p) are the magnifying SEM maps in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), respectively.
Fig. 15. Typical SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces: (a) as-sprayed (c) annealed 300 °C × 4 h; (e) annealed 500 °C × 4 h; (g) solution 500 °C × 4 h; (i) solution aging 190 °C × 6 h; (k) solution aging 190 °C × 18 h. (b), (d), (f), (h), (j), (l) are the magnifications of the selected areas in (a), (c), (e), (g), (i), (k), respectively.
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