J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2022, Vol. 100: 36-45.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.009
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiangzhen Zhua, Shihao Wanga, Xixi Donga, Xiangfa Liub,*(), Shouxun Jia,*()
Received:
2021-02-21
Revised:
2021-05-30
Accepted:
2021-06-01
Published:
2022-02-20
Online:
2022-02-15
Contact:
Xiangfa Liu,Shouxun Ji
About author:
shouxun.ji@brunel.ac.uk (S. Ji).Xiangzhen Zhu, Shihao Wang, Xixi Dong, Xiangfa Liu, Shouxun Ji. Morphologically templated nucleation of primary Si on AlP in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 100: 36-45.
Fig. 2. SEM images showing the 3D morphologies of primary Si phase in the Al-18Si alloy refined by Al-3P master alloy:(a) octahedron, (b) standard spinel twin, (c) hexangular plate-like spinel twin, (d) hexangular plate with parallel twins and (e, f) hexangular plate with unparallel twins.
Fig. 3. (a) SEM image of the unrefined Al-18Si alloy and (b) its corresponding combined inverse pole figure +image quality map (IPF+IQ), in which 66 primary Si crystals were observed. Among them, 12 twin primary Si crystals (marked by solid white circle) were identified. The nontwin primary Si were marked by dashed white circle.
Alloy | Al-18Si-0P | Al-18Si-0.02P | Al-18Si-0.04P |
---|---|---|---|
Number of identified twin crystals | 22 | 60 | 61 |
Total number of observed crystals | 132 | 198 | 191 |
Percent (%) of twin crystals | 16.7% | 30.3% | 31.9% |
Table 1 The percentage of identified twin primary Si crystals in experimental Al-18Si alloys.
Alloy | Al-18Si-0P | Al-18Si-0.02P | Al-18Si-0.04P |
---|---|---|---|
Number of identified twin crystals | 22 | 60 | 61 |
Total number of observed crystals | 132 | 198 | 191 |
Percent (%) of twin crystals | 16.7% | 30.3% | 31.9% |
Fig. 4. (a) Primary Si twin crystals and their AlP nuclei in the Al-18Si alloy refined by 200ppm P and its corresponding (b,c) IPF, (d) (111) pole figure of point A and B in (b), (e-g) EDS map of the primary Si shown in (a). Among them, (c) is the enlarged IPF with higher resolution corresponding to the area marked by red square in (b).
Fig. 6. (a) Microstructure of the concentrated Al-0.03P alloy, (b, c) SEM images and (d,e) corresponding IPF maps of two typical AlP crystals, (f) (111) pole figure of point A and B in (c).
Fig. 7. Typical morphologies of AlP crystals, (a) hexagonal platelets with a twin, (b) octahedron, (c) truncated octahedron, (d) cuboctahedron and (e) cuboid.
Fig. 8. Asymmetric AlP crystals, (a) with and (b) without a twin. These are deviated from hexagonal plate-like twin and truncated octahedral crystals, respectively.
MI rank | Face (hkl) | d (nm) | Multiplicity | Simple form |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | {111} | 0.3154 | 4 | Tetrahedron |
2 | {11} | 0.3154 | 4 | Tetrahedron |
3 | {200} | 0.2732 | 6 | Cuboid |
4 | {220} | 0.1931 | 12 | Rhombic dodecahedron |
5 | {311} | 0.1647 | 12 | Trigonal dodecahedron |
6 | {31} | 0.1647 | 12 | Trigonal dodecahedron |
Table 2 Morphologically important (MI) rank of AlP crystal faces calculated using the BFDH law and corresponding simple forms
MI rank | Face (hkl) | d (nm) | Multiplicity | Simple form |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | {111} | 0.3154 | 4 | Tetrahedron |
2 | {11} | 0.3154 | 4 | Tetrahedron |
3 | {200} | 0.2732 | 6 | Cuboid |
4 | {220} | 0.1931 | 12 | Rhombic dodecahedron |
5 | {311} | 0.1647 | 12 | Trigonal dodecahedron |
6 | {31} | 0.1647 | 12 | Trigonal dodecahedron |
Fig. 10. Sketch diagrams showing the formation of asymmetric AlP crystals deviating from truncated octahedron morphology and its twin as the result of increased growth rate along a certain [111] direction.
Fig. 11. Sketch diagrams showing the morphologically templated nucleation of primary Si on AlP nucleus: (a,d) deposition and extension of two dimensional Si agglomerates, (b, e) the formation of first layer of faceted Si on AlP template, (c, f) final geometry of primary Si crystal after duplicating layer-by-layer growth.
Fig. 12. Layer-by-layer growth traces of primary Si crystals on AlP plating crystal. The insert figure showing the sketch of concentric growth traces.
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