Distinct beneficial effect of Sn on the corrosion resistance of Cr-Mo low alloy steel

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.014

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, the beneficial effect of Sn addition on the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cr-Mo low alloy steel was studied. Results demonstrated that Sn improves the corrosion resistance of the steel matrix mainly by influencing the microstructural transformation. Sn addition and the synergistic effect of Sn, Cr, and Mo promote the formation of α-FeOOH, SnO₂, SnO, Cr(OH)₃, and molybdates, lead to the improved protection and stability of the rust layer. This synergistic effect also endows the inner rust layer with cation selectivity, preventing the further penetration of Cl^- and inhibiting the localized corrosion of steel.

Key words: Sn addition, Low alloy steel, SKPFM, TEM, Corrosion resistance

Meihui Sun, Xiaojia Yang, Cuiwei Du, Zhiyong Liu, Yong Li, Yumin Wu, Hongyu San, Xiandong Su, Xiaogang Li. Distinct beneficial effect of Sn on the corrosion resistance of Cr-Mo low alloy steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 81: 175-189.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the three experimental steels (wt.%).

Steel	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cu	Cr	Mo	Sn	Fe
BM	0.061	0.44	1.29	0.0081	0.0021	0.99	0.31	3.02	0.10	0	Bal.
0.12Sn	0.053	0.47	1.31	0.0082	0.0019	0.96	0.31	2.96	0.11	0.12	Bal.
0.6Sn	0.054	0.45	1.32	0.0072	0.0018	0.96	0.31	3.01	0.10	0.60	Bal.

Fig. 1. Microstructures of the three steels: the SEM micrographs of (a) BM, (b) 0.12Sn and (c) 0.6Sn; (a1, b1, c1) the high-magnification images of the areas marked by red dashed rectangles in (a, b, c) and TEM micrographs of the microstructures of (a2) BM, (b2) 0.12Sn and (c2) 0.6Sn, respectively.

Fig. 2. (a) Corrosion rates and (b) Va of the three steels for different immersion time periods.

Fig. 3. Morphologies of the rust layers formed on the three steels for different immersion time periods.

Fig. 4. Macroscopic, 2D and 3D morphology of corrosion pits on the three de-rusted steels surface after immersion for 90 days.

Fig. 5. Statistical analysis of corrosion pits on the three de-rusted steels surface according to Fig. 4: (a) Number of pits, (b) Average diameter of pits, (c) Average depth of pits and (d) Maximum depth of pits.

Fig. 6. Cross-sectional morphologies of the three rusted steels: (a-e) BM, (a1-e1) 0.12Sn, and (a2-e2) 0.6Sn for different immersion times.

Fig. 7. Element mappings of the cross-sections of the three steels after immersion for 90 days in the Xisha atmospheric simulation solution (a) BM; (b) 0.12Sn; and (c) 0.6Sn.

Fig. 8. Cross-sectional SKPFM analysis of the three steels after immersion for 90 days: (a), (b), and (c) atomic force microscopy surface morphologies of BM, 0.12Sn, and 0.6Sn, respectively; (a1), (b1), and (c1) SKPFM image of the same areas as in (a), (b), and (c), respectively; and (a2), (b2), and (c2) Volta potential profile along the white dotted lines in (a 1), (b1), and (c1), respectively.

Fig. 9. XRD patterns of the corrosion products of (a) BM, (b) 0.12Sn, (c) 0.6Sn for different immersion time periods and (d) the proportion of each phase in the rusts of the three steels after immersion for 60 and 90 days.

Fig. 10. (a) TEM image of the cross-sectional inner rust layer on 0.6Sn after immersion for 90 days and the corresponding EDS elemental maps for O, Fe, Cr, Mo, and Sn, respectively; (b) EDS compositional profile by scanning of the red rectangle marked in (a); (c), (d) and (e) the corresponding SAED patterns of areas marked as 1, 2, and 3 in (a), respectively.

Fig. 11. XPS peak analysis: (a) Cr 2p3/2 spectra; (b) Mo 3d spectra; (c) Sn 3d5/2 spectra; and (d) fraction of the metallic oxide/hydroxide species for the rust layers of the three steels after immersion for 90 days.

Fig. 12. Electrochemical impedance spectra for the three steels: (a-e) Nyquist plots, (a1-e1) Bode plots for the different immersion time periods.

Fig. 13. Equivalent circuits used to fit the EIS data of the three steels at various corrosion times: (a) 7 and 15 days; (b) 30, 60, and 90 days.

Fig. 14. Rpore and Rct values of the three steels as function of immersion time.

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