J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2021, Vol. 68: 112-123.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.06.053
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
X. Luoa, L.H. Liua, C. Yanga,*(), H.Z. Lua, H.W. Maa, Z. Wanga, D.D. Lic, L.C. Zhangd, Y.Y. Lia,b
Received:
2020-05-07
Revised:
2020-05-29
Accepted:
2020-06-09
Published:
2021-03-30
Online:
2021-05-01
Contact:
C. Yang
About author:
*E-mail address: cyang@scut.edu.cn (C. Yang).X. Luo, L.H. Liu, C. Yang, H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, Z. Wang, D.D. Li, L.C. Zhang, Y.Y. Li. Overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off by tailoring grain-boundary metastable Si-containing phase in β-type titanium alloy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 68: 112-123.
Elements | Ti | Nb | Zr | Ta | Si | O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | 52.27 | 34.52 | 6.91 | 4.94 | 1.36 | 0 |
Measured | 53.85 ± 0.15 | 32.55 ± 0.21 | 7.43 ± 0.2 | 4.69 ± 0.14 | 1.34 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.01 |
Table 1 The chemical composition of the produced (Ti69.71Nb23.72Zr4.83Ta1.74)97Si3 powder (wt%).
Elements | Ti | Nb | Zr | Ta | Si | O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | 52.27 | 34.52 | 6.91 | 4.94 | 1.36 | 0 |
Measured | 53.85 ± 0.15 | 32.55 ± 0.21 | 7.43 ± 0.2 | 4.69 ± 0.14 | 1.34 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.01 |
Fig. 4. SEM micrographs of the TNZTS alloys: (a) cast; (b, c) SLMed; heat treated at (d) 1150 °C/30 min, (e) 1200 °C/30 min, (f) 1250 °C/30 min, (g) 1300 °C/30 min and (h) 1350 °C/30 min.
Fig. 5. TEM images of the SLMed and heat-treated samples: (a) TEM morphology of the SLMed sample, and the inset shows the corresponding SAED patterns of the intergranular phase; (b) HRTEM morphology of the SLMed sample; (c) TEM morphology of the heat-treated sample (1200 °C/30 min), and the inset shows the corresponding SAED patterns of the intergranular phase; (d) HRTEM morphology of the heat-treated sample (1200 °C/30 min).
Fig. 6. (a) Tensile curves of the cast, SLMed and heat-treated samples. (b) Yield strength and elongation to failure of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta (TNZT) alloys and Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si (TNZTS) alloys in references reported so far [6,12,[35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44]].
Conditions | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (GPa) | εf (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cast | – | 432 ± 28 | 80.2 ± 3.5 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
SLMed | 1116 ± 25 | 1120 ± 29 | 71.3 ± 3.3 | 2.6 ± 0.8 |
1150 °C | 959 ± 6 | 977 ± 11 | 66.5 ± 5 | 5.7 ± 1.6 |
1200 °C | 978 ± 7 | 1010 ± 8 | 64.2 ± 5.1 | 10.4 ± 2.0 |
1250 °C | 1031 ± 4 | 1036 ± 3 | 59.2 ± 2.2 | 7 ± 1.8 |
1300 °C | 951 ± 14 | 953 ± 16 | 63.6 ± 4.7 | 2.8 ± 0.7 |
1350 °C | – | 538 ± 25 | 70.8 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
Table 2 Yield strength (YS), tensile strength (UTS), elasticity modulus (E) and elongation to failure (εf) values of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloys with different process conditions.
Conditions | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (GPa) | εf (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cast | – | 432 ± 28 | 80.2 ± 3.5 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
SLMed | 1116 ± 25 | 1120 ± 29 | 71.3 ± 3.3 | 2.6 ± 0.8 |
1150 °C | 959 ± 6 | 977 ± 11 | 66.5 ± 5 | 5.7 ± 1.6 |
1200 °C | 978 ± 7 | 1010 ± 8 | 64.2 ± 5.1 | 10.4 ± 2.0 |
1250 °C | 1031 ± 4 | 1036 ± 3 | 59.2 ± 2.2 | 7 ± 1.8 |
1300 °C | 951 ± 14 | 953 ± 16 | 63.6 ± 4.7 | 2.8 ± 0.7 |
1350 °C | – | 538 ± 25 | 70.8 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
Fig. 7. SEM images of the fracture surface of the (Ti69.71Nb23.72Zr4.83Ta1.74)97Si3 alloys after different heat-treatment temperatures: (a) SLMed; (b) 1150 °C; (c) 1200 °C; (d) 1250 °C; (e) 1300 °C; (f) 1350 °C.
Fig. 8. (a) SEM morphology of the preexisting S1 phase in the heat-treated sample (1200 °C/ 30 min); (b) Content of chemical element (wt.%) at different locations.
Conditions | ε (%) | ρ (m-2) | VP (%) | fL (%) | fD (%) | Vw (%) | dP (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLMed | 3.79 × 10-1 | 2.53 × 1015 | 5.7 | 2.85 | 12.9 | 1.2 | 0.19 |
1200 °C | 1.73 × 10-1 | 5.27 × 1014 | 14.1 | 7.05 | 10.0 | – | 0.67 |
Table 3 The micro strain (ε), dislocation density (ρ), the diameter (dP) of the silicide, the volume of intragranular (VP) and intergranular (Vw) silicide, the improvement factors associated with the load-bearing effect (fL) and the dislocation strengthening effect (fD) with different conditions.
Conditions | ε (%) | ρ (m-2) | VP (%) | fL (%) | fD (%) | Vw (%) | dP (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLMed | 3.79 × 10-1 | 2.53 × 1015 | 5.7 | 2.85 | 12.9 | 1.2 | 0.19 |
1200 °C | 1.73 × 10-1 | 5.27 × 1014 | 14.1 | 7.05 | 10.0 | – | 0.67 |
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