J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2020, Vol. 39: 82-88.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.09.008
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chuanbing Zhuangabc, Zhigang Xuabd*(), Shangyu Huangce, Yu Xiad, Chuanbin Wangd, Qiang Shend
Received:
2019-08-09
Revised:
2019-08-30
Accepted:
2019-09-04
Published:
2020-02-15
Online:
2020-03-11
Contact:
Xu Zhigang
Chuanbing Zhuang, Zhigang Xu, Shangyu Huang, Yu Xia, Chuanbin Wang, Qiang Shen. In situ synthesis of a porous high-Mn and high-Al steel by a novel two-step pore-forming technique in vacuum sintering[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 39: 82-88.
Fig. 1. Micrographs and EDS elemental mapping analysis of the Fe-Mn-Al-C powder mixture after 5 h ball milling: (a) general morphology of the ball milled powder, (b) elemental mapping result of (a), (c) fine powder without agglomeration, (d) the agglomerated fine powder, (e) enlarged portion in (d), (f)?(i) EDS mapping results of each element in (d). Note: the dark red in (i) is due to the carbon conductive adhesive tape.
Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of the Fe-Mn-Al-C compacts: (a) green compacts after 5 h ball milling, (b) compacts sintered at 640 ℃ for 1 h, (c) compacts sintered at 1200 ℃ for 1 h.
Fig. 3. Microstructure and elemental mapping results of the cross-section of the 640 ℃-sintered Fe-Mn-Al-C compacts for 1 h: (a) microstructure of the sintered sample, (b) EDS elemental mapping result of the sintered sample, (c) enlarged portion in the rectangular box ‘A’ of (a), (d) enlarged portion in the rectangular box of (c), (e) enlarged portion in the rectangular box ‘B’ of (a), (f) enlarged portion in the rectangular box ‘C’ of (a). Note: The EDS mapping cannot actually measure carbon content due to both its light weight in nature and low content of <1 wt%. Thus, carbon was not put in (c). ‘S’ in Fig. 3(c), (e) and (f) denote as the start point of EDS line scan.
Fig. 4. EDS line scan results of the 640 ℃-sintered samples for 1 h: (a) chemical composition distribution on the distance marked with blue line in Fig. 3(c), (b) chemical composition distribution on the distance marked with blue line in Fig. 3(f), and (c) chemical composition distribution on the distance marked with blue line in Fig. 3(e). Note: S denotes as the start point of the analysis, the blue dash lines were presented to separate different phases.
Fig. 5. Microstructure and elemental mapping results of the cross-section of the 1200 ℃-sintered Fe-Mn-Al-C compact for 1 h: (a) microstructure of the sintered samples at low magnification, (b) morphology at the center of the sintered compacts, (c) elemental mapping result of the sintered sample, (d) region containing possible Al4C3 intermetallic phase, (e) enlarged area in the rectangular box of (d), (f) region contains possible k-carbide phase, (g) the cross view of the sintered sample without grinding, (h) enlarged area in the rectangular box of (g). Note: The EDS mapping cannot actually measure carbon content due to both its light weight in nature and especially the low content of <1 wt%. Thus, carbon was not mapping in (c).
Point | Average chemical composition (at.%)a | Possible phases | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | Mn | Al | C | ||
1 | 75.32 | 1.43 | 19.74 | 3.51 | α-Fe |
2 | 70.36 | 9.26 | 16.26 | 4.12 | α-Fe + Austenite |
3 | 54.06 | 26.40 | 15.22 | 4.32 | Austenite |
4 | - | - | 65.1 | 34.9 | Al4C3 + C |
5 | 55.95 | 9.26 | 18.71 | 16.08 | k-carbide |
Table 1 Results of the average chemical compositions at points illustrated in Fig. 5.
Point | Average chemical composition (at.%)a | Possible phases | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | Mn | Al | C | ||
1 | 75.32 | 1.43 | 19.74 | 3.51 | α-Fe |
2 | 70.36 | 9.26 | 16.26 | 4.12 | α-Fe + Austenite |
3 | 54.06 | 26.40 | 15.22 | 4.32 | Austenite |
4 | - | - | 65.1 | 34.9 | Al4C3 + C |
5 | 55.95 | 9.26 | 18.71 | 16.08 | k-carbide |
Fig. 6. Macroscopic images (a), weight loss fraction (b), expansion rate (c) and porosities (d) of the sintered samples at different status. Note: 640 ℃ denotes as the samples pre-sintered at 640 ℃ for 1 h, 1200 ℃ denotes as the samples final-sintered at 1200 ℃ for 1 h. Porosities of the green compacts were given in (d) for comparison purpose.
Fig. 8. Compression photographs of the 1200 ℃-sintered porous steel at different strain stage: (a) initial, (b) 10% strain, (c) 15% strain, (d) 20% strain, (e) 25% strain, (f) 32%, (g) final, (h) comparison of the uncompressed sample and final compressed samples.
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