J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1767-1778.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.03.028
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Rita Mauryaab, Abdul Rahim Siddiquiac, Prvan Kumar Katiyara, Kantesh Balania*(
)
Received:2018-11-03
Revised:2019-02-03
Accepted:2019-02-11
Online:2019-08-05
Published:2019-06-19
Contact:
Balani Kantesh
About author:1The authors contributed equally to this work.
Rita Maurya, Abdul Rahim Siddiqui, Prvan Kumar Katiyar, Kantesh Balani. Mechanical, tribological and anti-corrosive properties of polyaniline/graphene coated Mg-9Li-7Al-1Sn and Mg-9Li-5Al-3Sn-1Zn alloys[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(8): 1767-1778.
Fig. 1. Synthesis of PANI/Gr composite pigments and preparation of coating.
Fig. 2. TEM images of (a) Pure PANI (b) Pure Gr (c) PANI/ Gr composite.
Fig. 3. (a) FT-IR spectra and (b) Raman spectra of synthesized PANI, Gr and PANI/Gr composite.
Fig. 4. XRD pattern of pure Gr, synthesized PANI, and PANI/Gr composite.
Fig. 5. (a) TGA curves of pure Gr, synthesized PANI and PANI/Gr composite, (b) the blip in temperature connected with endothermic heat-flow of PANI.
Fig. 6. SEM image showing top surface of pure epoxy coating on: (a) LAT971, and (b) LATZ9531, and PANI/Gr- epoxy coating on: (c) LAT971, and (d) LATZ9531 alloy.
Fig. 7. Load vs. displacement plot of neat epoxy and PANI/Gr containing epoxy coated LAT971 and LATZ9531 alloys.
| Conditions | E (GPa) | H (GPa) | σy (GPa) | E/H | hm (nm) | hf (nm) | re |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971_Epoxy | 5.29 ± 0.22 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.12 | 15.03 | 267 | 101 | 0.62 |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | 5.56 ± 0.42 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.11 | 16.85 | 275 | 113 | 0.59 |
| LAT971_PANI/Gr | 7.51 ± 1.64 | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 0.23 | 11.04 | 198 | 30 | 0.85 |
| LATZ9531_PANI/Gr | 7.05 ± 0.40 | 0.63 ± 0.07 | 0.21 | 11.19 | 204 | 48 | 0.76 |
Table 1 Values extracted from load vs. displacement curve of neat epoxy and PANI/Gr containing epoxycoated LAT971 and LATZ9531 alloys.
| Conditions | E (GPa) | H (GPa) | σy (GPa) | E/H | hm (nm) | hf (nm) | re |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971_Epoxy | 5.29 ± 0.22 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.12 | 15.03 | 267 | 101 | 0.62 |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | 5.56 ± 0.42 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.11 | 16.85 | 275 | 113 | 0.59 |
| LAT971_PANI/Gr | 7.51 ± 1.64 | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 0.23 | 11.04 | 198 | 30 | 0.85 |
| LATZ9531_PANI/Gr | 7.05 ± 0.40 | 0.63 ± 0.07 | 0.21 | 11.19 | 204 | 48 | 0.76 |
Fig. 8. SEM image of neat epoxy coated (a) LAT971 (b) LATZ9531 and PANI/Gr composite coated (c) LAT971 and (d) LATZ9531 alloys after the scratch test at the maximum load of 3 N.
Fig. 9. Variation of coefficient of friction with respect to applied progressive load.
| Sample | COF | d (μm) | w (μm) | Hs (GPa) | Hp (GPa) | Wv (×10-10 m3) | Wsp (×10-7 m3/Nm) | a (μm) | εr | Qmax (GPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971 _Epoxy | 0.29-0.53 | 38.45 | 218 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 5.15 | 1.72 | 14.2 | 0.028 | 0.95 |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | 0.23-0.50 | 34.79 | 215 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 4.88 | 1.63 | 13.5 | 0.027 | 0.99 |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | 0.01-0.39 | 29.08 | 133 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 4.49 | 1.50 | 10.0 | 0.020 | 1.20 |
| LATZ9531 _PANI/Gr | 0.01-0.40 | 30.25 | 147 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 4.53 | 1.51 | 10.6 | 0.021 | 1.15 |
Table 2 Value of scratch width and scratch hardness, plowing hardness, wear volume and specific wear rate for neat epoxy and PANI/Gr containing epoxy coated LAT971 and LATZ9531 alloys.
| Sample | COF | d (μm) | w (μm) | Hs (GPa) | Hp (GPa) | Wv (×10-10 m3) | Wsp (×10-7 m3/Nm) | a (μm) | εr | Qmax (GPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971 _Epoxy | 0.29-0.53 | 38.45 | 218 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 5.15 | 1.72 | 14.2 | 0.028 | 0.95 |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | 0.23-0.50 | 34.79 | 215 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 4.88 | 1.63 | 13.5 | 0.027 | 0.99 |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | 0.01-0.39 | 29.08 | 133 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 4.49 | 1.50 | 10.0 | 0.020 | 1.20 |
| LATZ9531 _PANI/Gr | 0.01-0.40 | 30.25 | 147 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 4.53 | 1.51 | 10.6 | 0.021 | 1.15 |
Fig. 10. Change in OCP with time for neat epoxy and PANI/Gr pigment containing epoxycoated substrates in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.
Fig. 11. (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves for neat epoxy and PANI/Gr pigment containing epoxycoated substrates and (b, c) a digital image of neat epoxy and (d, e) PANI/Gr pigment containing epoxy coated LAT971 and LATZ9531 alloys, respectively.
| Sample | Eocp (V) | Ecorr (VSCE) | Icorr (A/cm2) | Pi (μm/y) | η (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncoated LAT971 | -1.60 | -1.57 | 8.2 × 10-4 | 18737 | ---- | [ |
| Uncoated LATZ9531 | -1.63 | -1.61 | 3.4 × 10-4 | 7769 | ---- | |
| LAT971_Epoxy | -1.56 | -1.56 | 4.06 × 10-6 | 92.77 | ---- | Current work |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | -1.54 | -1.56 | 1.08 × 10-5 | 246.78 | ---- | |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | -1.45 | -1.38 | 1.74 × 10-8 | 0.40 | 99.6 | |
| LATZ9531_PANI/Gr | -1.45 | -1.42 | 1.06 × 10-7 | 2.42 | 99.0 |
Table 3 Data obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization curve of epoxy and PANI/Gr containing epoxy coated alloys.
| Sample | Eocp (V) | Ecorr (VSCE) | Icorr (A/cm2) | Pi (μm/y) | η (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncoated LAT971 | -1.60 | -1.57 | 8.2 × 10-4 | 18737 | ---- | [ |
| Uncoated LATZ9531 | -1.63 | -1.61 | 3.4 × 10-4 | 7769 | ---- | |
| LAT971_Epoxy | -1.56 | -1.56 | 4.06 × 10-6 | 92.77 | ---- | Current work |
| LATZ9531_Epoxy | -1.54 | -1.56 | 1.08 × 10-5 | 246.78 | ---- | |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | -1.45 | -1.38 | 1.74 × 10-8 | 0.40 | 99.6 | |
| LATZ9531_PANI/Gr | -1.45 | -1.42 | 1.06 × 10-7 | 2.42 | 99.0 |
Fig. 12. Impendence spectra given as (a) Nyquist plots, (b) fitted equivalent circuit (c) Bode amplitude and (d) Phase angle plots; for neat epoxy and PANI/Gr pigment containing epoxycoated substrate.
| Composition | Rs (Ω. cm2) | Qc = Yo, (Ω-1 cm-2 sn1) | n1 | Rp (Ω. cm2) | Qdl = Yo (Ω-1 cm-2 sn2) | n2 | Rct (Ω. cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971 _Epoxy | 0.02 | 2.07×10-10 | 1 | 6.19 × 104 | 2.07×10-7 | 0.36 | 3.51 × 105 |
| LATZ9531 _Epoxy | 0.01 | 2.76×10-10 | 1 | 3.93 × 104 | 5.81×10-7 | 0.39 | 3.15 × 105 |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | 0.01 | 1.25×10-10 | 1 | 9.75 × 109 | 35.4×10-7 | 0.88 | 1.03 × 107 |
| LATZ9531 _PANI/Gr | 0.02 | 2.45×10-10 | 1 | 9.11 × 106 | 1.98×10-7 | 0.45 | 1.72 × 106 |
Table 4 Data obtained from the fitted equivalent electric circuit for epoxy coated and epoxy containing PANI/Gr coated alloy.
| Composition | Rs (Ω. cm2) | Qc = Yo, (Ω-1 cm-2 sn1) | n1 | Rp (Ω. cm2) | Qdl = Yo (Ω-1 cm-2 sn2) | n2 | Rct (Ω. cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAT971 _Epoxy | 0.02 | 2.07×10-10 | 1 | 6.19 × 104 | 2.07×10-7 | 0.36 | 3.51 × 105 |
| LATZ9531 _Epoxy | 0.01 | 2.76×10-10 | 1 | 3.93 × 104 | 5.81×10-7 | 0.39 | 3.15 × 105 |
| LAT971 _PANI/Gr | 0.01 | 1.25×10-10 | 1 | 9.75 × 109 | 35.4×10-7 | 0.88 | 1.03 × 107 |
| LATZ9531 _PANI/Gr | 0.02 | 2.45×10-10 | 1 | 9.11 × 106 | 1.98×10-7 | 0.45 | 1.72 × 106 |
Fig. 13. Schematic demonstration of corrosion protection mechanism by epoxy containing PANI/Gr nanocomposite coatings on Mg-Li alloys substrates.
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