In-situ study on hydrogen bubble evolution in the liquid Al/solid Ni interconnection by synchrotron radiation X-ray radiography

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.03.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Synchrotron X-ray radiography was used to carry out an in-situ observation of the hydrogen bubble evolution in the liquid Al/solid Ni interconnection. The individual bubble mainly grows in a stochastic way during heating. The size distribution for groups of bubbles follows a Gaussian distribution in the early stage and Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) diffusion controlled distribution in the final stage. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) first form during solidification, following by the hydrogen bubbles. The bubbles between two adjacent Al₃Ni grains grow unidirectionally along the liquid channel, with the bottom being impeded by the Al₃Ni phase and the radius of the growth front being smaller. For the bubbles at triple junctions, they grow along the liquid channel and the crack with morphology transition.

Key words: Synchrotron radiation, Liquid Al/solid Ni interconnection, Hydrogen bubble, Intermetallic compounds, Growth behavior

Zongye Ding, Qiaodan Hu, Wenquan Lu, Xuan Ge, Sheng Cao, Siyu Sun, Tianxing Yang, Mingxu Xia, Jianguo Li. In-situ study on hydrogen bubble evolution in the liquid Al/solid Ni interconnection by synchrotron radiation X-ray radiography[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(7): 1388-1392.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. (a) A schematic diagram of experimental set-up; (b)-(i) bubble evolution during heating in liquid Al/solid Ni system.

Fig. 2. (a) Variations of bubble radius with time for the three distinguishable bubbles labeled in Fig. 1(d); (b) A schematic diagram of bubble evolution.

Fig. 3. (a, b) Scaled frequency of bubble size distribution at t + 44.5 s and t + 65 s. The comparison between experimental data fitted by Gaussian distribution and LSW-diffusion controlled distribution was also shown; (c) Dependence of cubic radius difference on the negative time difference for group bubbles at the final stage.

Fig. 4. Microstructural evolution during solidification in liquid Al/solid Ni system.

Fig. 5. (a, b) Morphologies of the Al/Ni interconnection after solidification: the subimage shows the porosity in the liquid channel; (c) the varied upper (r1) and bottom radius (r2) of the bubbles 1 and 2 with increasing solidification time; (d), (e) Schematic model of the different hydrogen bubbles.

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