J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 134-141.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.07.001
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xintong Lianab, Wenru Suna*(), Litao Changa, Fang Liua, Xin Xina
Received:
2018-01-10
Revised:
2018-02-12
Accepted:
2018-07-02
Online:
2019-01-04
Published:
2019-01-15
Contact:
Sun Wenru
Xintong Lian, Wenru Sun, Litao Chang, Fang Liu, Xin Xin. Influence of phosphorous on nucleation and growth of grains during solidification in a NiCrFe alloy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(1): 134-141.
P | Cr | C | Fe | Ni | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alloy 1 | 0.09?±?0.05 | 17.4?±?0.42 | 0.041?±?0.01 | 15.8?±?0.53 | Bal. |
Alloy 2 | 0.27?±?0.09 | 17.4?±?0.36 | 0.036?±?0.02 | 14.9?±?0.37 | Bal. |
Alloy 3 | 0.47?±?0.12 | 17.3?±?0.26 | 0.047?±?0.03 | 14.8?±?0.41 | Bal. |
Alloy 4 | 0.60?±?0.10 | 17.1?±?0.12 | 0.042?±?0.02 | 15.8?±?0.66 | Bal. |
Table 1 Chemical composition of the NiCrFe alloys (wt%).
P | Cr | C | Fe | Ni | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alloy 1 | 0.09?±?0.05 | 17.4?±?0.42 | 0.041?±?0.01 | 15.8?±?0.53 | Bal. |
Alloy 2 | 0.27?±?0.09 | 17.4?±?0.36 | 0.036?±?0.02 | 14.9?±?0.37 | Bal. |
Alloy 3 | 0.47?±?0.12 | 17.3?±?0.26 | 0.047?±?0.03 | 14.8?±?0.41 | Bal. |
Alloy 4 | 0.60?±?0.10 | 17.1?±?0.12 | 0.042?±?0.02 | 15.8?±?0.66 | Bal. |
Fig. 2. Grain morphology at the edge of ingots with (a) 0.09?wt% P, (b) 0.27?wt% P, (c)0.47?wt% P, (d) 0.60?wt% P and at the center of ingots with (e) 0.09?wt% P, (f) 0.27?wt% P (g) 0.47?wt% P (h) 0.60?wt% P.
Fig. 3. The precipitates on grain boundaries and in interdendritic areas of the alloys with different phosphorus additions (a) 0.09?wt% P, (b) 0.27?wt% P, (c) 0.47?wt% P, (d) 0.60?wt% P.
Fig. 4. (a) Precipitates in dendrite regions of the alloy with 0.60?wt% P (b) Magnification of Precipitate 3 and Precipitate 4 outlined in white in Fig. 4 (a).
Precipitates | P | Cr | Fe | Ni | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitate 1 | 14.17?±?0.19 | 24.73?±?0.25 | 7.49?±?0.77 | 50.70?±?0.65 | 2.91?±?0.43 |
Precipitate 2 | 5.56?±?0.34 | 16.89?±?0.31 | 12.16?±?0.42 | 64.37?±?0.37 | 1.02?±?0.12 |
Precipitate 3 | 2.36?±?0.52 | 22.33?±?0.44 | 11.66?±?0.51 | 32.93?±?0.55 | 30.72?±?0.72 |
Table 2 Compositions of precipitate in the interdendritic regions (EDS results wt%).
Precipitates | P | Cr | Fe | Ni | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitate 1 | 14.17?±?0.19 | 24.73?±?0.25 | 7.49?±?0.77 | 50.70?±?0.65 | 2.91?±?0.43 |
Precipitate 2 | 5.56?±?0.34 | 16.89?±?0.31 | 12.16?±?0.42 | 64.37?±?0.37 | 1.02?±?0.12 |
Precipitate 3 | 2.36?±?0.52 | 22.33?±?0.44 | 11.66?±?0.51 | 32.93?±?0.55 | 30.72?±?0.72 |
Alloy 1 | Alloy 2 | Alloy 3 | Alloy 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EDS 1 | 0.12?±?0.08 | 0.37?±?0.02 | 1.01?±?0.05 | 1.56?±?0.11 |
EDS 2 | 0.08?±?0.04 | 0.28?±?0.04 | 0.88?±?0.09 | 0.91?±?0.13 |
EDS 3 | 0.08?±?0.04 | 0.15?±?0.03 | 0.69?±?0.13 | 0.62?±?0.06 |
EDS 4 | 0.09?±?0.10 | 0.11?±?0.03 | 0.32?±?0.01 | 0.19?±?0.02 |
EDS 5 | 0.08?±?0.07 | 0.10?±?0.07 | 0.24?±?0.02 | 0.14?±?0.07 |
Table 3 EDS analysis results of P in alloys (wt%).
Alloy 1 | Alloy 2 | Alloy 3 | Alloy 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EDS 1 | 0.12?±?0.08 | 0.37?±?0.02 | 1.01?±?0.05 | 1.56?±?0.11 |
EDS 2 | 0.08?±?0.04 | 0.28?±?0.04 | 0.88?±?0.09 | 0.91?±?0.13 |
EDS 3 | 0.08?±?0.04 | 0.15?±?0.03 | 0.69?±?0.13 | 0.62?±?0.06 |
EDS 4 | 0.09?±?0.10 | 0.11?±?0.03 | 0.32?±?0.01 | 0.19?±?0.02 |
EDS 5 | 0.08?±?0.07 | 0.10?±?0.07 | 0.24?±?0.02 | 0.14?±?0.07 |
Alloy 1 | Alloy 2 | Alloy 3 | Alloy 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe |
EDS 1 | 17.0?±?0.71 | 14.8?±?0.92 | 17.2?±?0.84 | 14.9?±?0.73 | 16.9?±?0.63 | 14.9?±?1.24 | 17.6?±?0.85 | 15.2?±?0.45 |
EDS 2 | 16.7?±?0.42 | 15.9?±?0.53 | 17.6?±?0.82 | 14.2?±?0.81 | 17.6?±?0.85 | 14.8?±?0.36 | 17.9?±?0.22 | 15.3?±?0.71 |
EDS 3 | 17.4?±?0.77 | 14.1?±?0.72 | 17.1?±?1.13 | 14.9?±?0.62 | 17.1?±?0.96 | 15.2?±?0.85 | 15.6?±?0.90 | 16.1?±?1.32 |
EDS 4 | 17.1?±?0.62 | 14.6?±?0.73 | 17.2?±?0.59 | 15.1?±?0.57 | 17.6?±?0.42 | 14.6?±?1.49 | 17.2?±?0.85 | 16.1?±?1.11 |
EDS 5 | 17.5?±?0.62 | 14.5?±?0.59 | 16.5?±?0.46 | 14.5?±?0.96 | 17.0?±?0.17 | 15.5?±?0.51 | 17.3?±?0.79 | 16.5?±?0.38 |
Table 4 EDS analysis results of Cr and Fe in alloys (wt%).
Alloy 1 | Alloy 2 | Alloy 3 | Alloy 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe | Cr | Fe |
EDS 1 | 17.0?±?0.71 | 14.8?±?0.92 | 17.2?±?0.84 | 14.9?±?0.73 | 16.9?±?0.63 | 14.9?±?1.24 | 17.6?±?0.85 | 15.2?±?0.45 |
EDS 2 | 16.7?±?0.42 | 15.9?±?0.53 | 17.6?±?0.82 | 14.2?±?0.81 | 17.6?±?0.85 | 14.8?±?0.36 | 17.9?±?0.22 | 15.3?±?0.71 |
EDS 3 | 17.4?±?0.77 | 14.1?±?0.72 | 17.1?±?1.13 | 14.9?±?0.62 | 17.1?±?0.96 | 15.2?±?0.85 | 15.6?±?0.90 | 16.1?±?1.32 |
EDS 4 | 17.1?±?0.62 | 14.6?±?0.73 | 17.2?±?0.59 | 15.1?±?0.57 | 17.6?±?0.42 | 14.6?±?1.49 | 17.2?±?0.85 | 16.1?±?1.11 |
EDS 5 | 17.5?±?0.62 | 14.5?±?0.59 | 16.5?±?0.46 | 14.5?±?0.96 | 17.0?±?0.17 | 15.5?±?0.51 | 17.3?±?0.79 | 16.5?±?0.38 |
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