Acoustic properties of closed-cell aluminum foams with different macrostructures

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.07.012

Abstract

Abstract:

As structural materials, closed-cell aluminum foams possess obvious advantages in product dimension, strength and process economics compared with open cell aluminum foams. However, as a kind of structure-function integration materials, the application of closed-cell aluminum foams has been restricted greatly in acoustic fields due to the difficulty of sound wave penetration. It was reported that closed-cell foams with macrostructures have important effect on the propagation of sound waves. To date, the relationship between macrostructures and acoustic properties of commercially pure closed-cell aluminum foams is ambiguous. In this work, different perforation and air gap types were designed for changing the macrostructures of the foam. Meanwhile, the effect of macrostructures on the sound absorption coefficient and sound reduction index were investigated. The results showed that the foams with half-hole exhibited excellent sound absorption and sound insulation behaviors in high frequency range (>2500 Hz). In addition, specimens with air gaps showed good sound absorption properties in low frequency compared with the foams without air gaps. Based on the experiment results, propagation structural models of sound waves in commercially pure closed-cell aluminum foams with different macrostructures were built and the influence of macrostructures on acoustic properties was discussed.

Key words: Closed-cell aluminum foam, Sound absorption, Sound insulation, Macrostructure

Xia Xingchuan, Zhang Zan, Zhao Weimin, Li Chong, Ding Jian, Liu Chenxi, Liu Yongchang. Acoustic properties of closed-cell aluminum foams with different macrostructures[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(11): 1227-1234.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1. Cross section morphology (a) and micro structure (b) of closed-cell aluminum foams.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of aluminum foams with detailed perforation position.

Fig. 3. Structure diagrams of side sectional view of closed-cell aluminum foams without any further processing (a: type A), perforated with half-holes (b: type B) and through-holes (c: type C) and with different thicknesses of air gap (d: type D).

Table 1 Detailed parameters of foam with different perforation types.

Types of sample	Frequency range (Hz)	Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Perforating depth (mm)
A	50-1000	100	20	0
A	500-6400	29	20	0
B	50-1000	100	20	10
B	500-6400	29	20	10
C	50-1000	100	20	20
C	500-6400	29	20	20

Table 2 Detailed parameters of specimen with air gaps.

Types of sample	Frequency range (Hz)	Layer	Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Perforating depth (mm)	Thickness of air gap (mm)
D	50-1000	First	100	10	10	-
		Second	-	-	-	5/10/20/30/50/90
		Third	100	10	0	-
	500-6400	First	29	10	10	-
		Second	-	-	-	5/10/20/30/50/90
		Third	29	10	0	-

Fig. 4. Principle diagrams and positions of specimen for measuring sound absorption coefficient (a) and sound reduction index (b) of foams.

Fig. 5. Variation tendencies of sound absorption coefficient of three different structural foams.

Fig. 6. Variation tendencies of sound reduction index of three different structural foams.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8. Sound reduction index (a) and maximum value, average value and minimum value (b) of closed-cell aluminum foams with different thicknesses of air gap.

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of propagation of sound for type A (a), B (b), C (c) and D (d).

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