J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 987-995.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.08.011
Special Issue: 增材制造/3D打印专辑
• Orginal Article • Next Articles
E. Murr Lawrence1,2,*
Received:
2016-07-20
Accepted:
2016-07-22
Online:
2016-10-10
Published:
2016-11-05
Contact:
E. Murr Lawrence
E. Murr Lawrence. Frontiers of 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing: from Human Organs to Aircraft Fabrication†[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(10): 987-995.
Fig. 1. Inkjet (droplet generator) schematic. Piezoelectric pulse generator in ink reservoir. Droplet features are illustrated. For many droplets surface tension is an important issue.Adapted from Murr[1].
Fig. 2. Stereolithography system schematic for laser curing of photopolymer layers. Build piston is lowered as each layer is swept and the next layer cured.Adapted from Murr[1].
Fig. 4. Laser (a) and electron beam (b) melting systems for powder layer additive manufacturing. (a) uses an inert atmosphere (N2 or Ar) while (b) uses a vacuum environment. In (a) laser beam (1) scanning uses a mirror (2) with beam focus at (3). Powder is rolled into layers (4) on build platform (5) from container at (6). Excess powder is retrieved at (7). In (b) electron gun (1), scanning coils (2), powder cassettes (3), layer rake (4), build table (product) (5). From Murr[1](Courtesy of Springer).
Fig. 5. 3D printing on flexible polymer surfaces. (a) Patterned inkjet circuit arrays. (b) Circuit with surface mount additions. From Murr[1](Courtesy of Springer).
Fig. 6. Multiple inkjet printer heads (bioink reservoirs) for tissue (organ) and blood vessel building. (1) Fibroblast cells in fibrin cell hydrogel. (2) Fibroblast and smooth muscle cell hydrogel. (3) Endothelial cells in hydrogel/(collagen-based). From Murr[1](Courtesy of Springer).
Fig. 8. CAD models for functional foam (a-c) and open cellular structures (d) emulating cortical (outer) and trabecular (inner) bone density and corresponding stiffness. From Murr[1](Courtesy of Springer).
Fig. 9. Living implant concept. (a) Femur with functional intramedullary, porous implant that can extend the length of the femur. (b) Fabricated implant impregnated with endothelial cells and signaling molecules in a collagen hydrogel containing osteoblast cells, which also ingrow from the outer cortical bone.
Fig. 10. Gas turbine schematic (a) and comparative turbine blade microstructures: (b) polycrystalline, (c) directional, columnar grains, (d) single crystal, Tc and Tt indicate cooler compression and hot turbine sections, respectively in (a). From Murr[1](Courtesy of Springer).
Fig. 11. EBM fabricated Rene 142 nickel-base superalloy product section view showing columnar, micrograin structure in the build direction (B). The insert shows the gamma-prime cuboidal precipitates (Ni3 (Al, Ta)). (Taken from Murr and Li[16].).
Fig. 12. TEM image showing gamma-prime cuboidal precipitates in the insert in Fig. 11. The gamma/gamma-prime interface is semicoherent as indicated by the fringe pattern surrounding the precipitates. (Taken from Murr and Li[16].).
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[1] | Neng Li, Shuai Huang, Guodong Zhang, Renyao Qin, Wei Liu, Huaping Xiong, Gongqi Shi, Jon Blackburn. Progress in additive manufacturing on new materials: A review [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(2): 242-269. |
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