Friction Characteristics of Impregnated and Non-Impregnated Graphite against Cemented Carbide under Water Lubrication

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.06.013

Abstract

Abstract:

The friction behavior of resin-impregnated and non-impregnated graphite sliding against a cemented carbide in dry, oil, and water environments using a ring-ring configuration was investigated. Friction coefficients were recorded at various speeds. The results showed that the impregnated graphite exhibited much better friction properties under water or oil lubrication than non-impregnated graphite, and the impregnated graphite could remain in the stable friction regime under high pressure × velocity (pv). Based on scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses, the different characteristics between impregnated and non-impregnated graphite were able to be attributed to the structure of the graphite and wettability of the lubricants.

Key words: Friction, Resin-impregnated graphite, Non-impregnated graphite, Cemented carbide, Water lubrication

Zhang Gaolong, Liu Ying, Guo Fei, Liu Xiangfeng, Wang Yuming. Friction Characteristics of Impregnated and Non-Impregnated Graphite against Cemented Carbide under Water Lubrication[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(10): 1203-1209.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Mechanical and physical properties of test materials

Material	Young's modulus (GPa)	Hardness	Density (g/cm³)	Porosity (vol.%)	Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))
Cemented carbide	550	1500 HV	15	-	92
Non-impregnated graphite	18	60 HB	1.65	10	12
Impregnated graphite	24	80 HB	1.80	-	8

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the friction test apparatus.

Fig. 2. Speed-dependent friction coefficients of (a) non-impregnated graphite, and (b) impregnated graphite sliding against cemented carbide under a normal pressure of 0.3 MPa.

Fig. 3. SEM images of (a) non-impregnated graphite and (b) impregnated graphite. Schematic diagrams of the rubbing status of (c) non-impregnated graphite and (d) impregnated graphite.

Table 2 Contact angles of deionized water and PAO02 on different materials (unit: deg.)

Material	Deionized water	PAO02
Cemented carbide	41.14	7.07
Non-impregnated graphite	110.08	11.4
Impregnated graphite	79.73	9.44

Fig. 4. Morphologies of non-impregnated graphite (non-IG) under (a) dry, (b) water, and (c) oil lubrication, and impregnated graphite (IG) under (d) dry, (e) water, and (f) oil lubrication. Insets are EDX data for non-IG (left) and IG (right).

Fig. 5. SEM images of cemented carbide surfaces after sliding against non-impregnated graphite under (a) dry, (b) water, and (c) oil lubrication, and impregnated graphite under (d) dry, (e) water, and (f) oil lubrication.

Fig. 6. Raman spectra of (a) non-impregnated graphite and (b) impregnated graphite under different lubrication conditions. Insets are the magnification of G bands.

Fig. 7. Raman spectra of cemented carbide surfaces rubbed against (a) non-impregnated graphite, and (b) impregnated graphite under different lubrication conditions.

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