Evolution Behaviors of Oxides in Severely Plastic Deformed Region of AISI 52100 Steel during Dry Sliding Wear

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2016.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Under dry sliding wear, the evolution of oxides in severely plastic deformed (SPD) regions of metals has a great impact on the wear behaviors. To study the evolution behaviors of oxides in the SPD region, an SPD region was prefabricated on the surface of AISI 52100 steel by supersonic fine particle bombarding (SFPB) treatment. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out on both of the SFPB-treated and original samples. Wear volume loss of the SPBF-treated samples were compared with those of the original samples at different loads. Microstructure, element composition and oxides distribution in the SPD region were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that the evolution behaviors of the oxides in the SPD region change significantly with the load. Under low loads, oxides are usually formed on the contact surface. It inhibits adhesive wear on the steel. However, under high loads, oxides are apt to distribute along the cracks in the subsurface layer. The internal oxidation along the cracks can accelerate the cracks propagation, resulting in severe delamination wear on the steel.

Key words: Sliding wear, Plastic deformation, Oxides, Defects, Steel

Lao Yuanxia, Du Hao, Xiong Tianying, Wang Yuan. Evolution Behaviors of Oxides in Severely Plastic Deformed Region of AISI 52100 Steel during Dry Sliding Wear[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(4): 330-337.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Processing parameters for the SFPB treatment

Carrying gas	N₂
Pressure/airflow	2.0 MPa
Temperature/airflow	30 °C
Shot-pills	α-Al₂O₃
Shot-pills size	50-30 μm
Velocity of particle	450-550 m/s
Stand-off distance	30-40 mm
Moving speed/right-and-left	4 mm/s
Rotating speed/bar	200 r/min

Fig. 1. Microstructure of the SPD region: (a) cross-sectional morphology of the SFPB-treated steel; (b) TEM image of the outmost surface and its corresponding electron diffraction pattern.

Fig. 2. Wear volume loss of the SFPB-treated and original samples as function of load.

Fig. 3. Morphology of the worn surface for both of the SFPB-treated and original samples at the loads of 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 N.

Fig. 4. High-magnitude image of the worn surface and its element composition for the both SFPB-treated and original samples at the loads of 15 and 100 N; the EDS patterns of different areas marked by white squares are shown in the right of corresponding pictures, and the corresponding element compositions are shown inTable 2.

Table 2 Elements composition of the areas marked in Fig. 4 (at.%)

Figure	Area	Fe	Cr	O	Others
(a)		97.59	2.41	0	0
(b)		69.79	1.21	27.38	1.62
(c)		52.66	0.88	44.28	2.18
(d)	A1	25.73	0.49	71.38	2.40
(d)	A2	98.18	1.82	0	0

Fig. 5. Typical cross-sectional morphology of the SFPB-treated ((a-1), (b-1)) and original samples ((c-1), (d-1)) at the loads of 15 and 100 N; and the corresponding oxygen distribution patterns of the SFPB-treated ((a-2), (b-2)) and original samples ((c-2), (d-2)) at the loads of 15 and 100 N; the corresponding iron distribution patterns of the SFPB-treated ((a-3), (b-3)) and original samples ((c-3), (d-3)) at the loads of 15 and 100 N.

Fig. 6. Cross-sectional image of the SPD region in the SFPB-treated samples after the wear test (25 N) obtained by TEM; crack-like (or void-like) defects are marked by white arrows.

Fig. 7. Images of the cracks (or voids) in the SPD region of the SFPB-treated samples at the load of 75 N; the element composition of the area marked by spots (A1-D3) was obtained by EDS (shown in Table 3).

Table 3 Elements composition of the areas marked in Fig. 7 (at.%)

Figure	Area	Fe	Cr	O	Others
(a)	A1	90.64	1.58	7.78	0
	A2	98.12	1.88	0	0
	A3	37.44	0	62.56	0
(b)	B1	80.16	1.24	18.60	0
	B2	81.90	1.22	16.00	0.88
	B3	98.52	1.48	0	0
(c)	C1	85.19	2.52	10.64	1.65
	C2	80.06	2.47	16.20	1.27
	C3	97.34	2.03	0	0.63
(d)	D1	86.22	2.83	10.24	0.71
	D2	85.08	1.62	13.30	0
	D3	98.67	1.33	0	0

Fig. 8. A schematic illustration of the evolution of oxides in SPD region: (a) at low loads, the oxides films cover the sliding surface, acting as a protective layer; (b) with increasing load, the oxygen diffuses though the broken oxides film and the SPD region into the subsurface layer, being trapped in the voids and the cracks; (c) with sliding wear lasting, oxides form in the cracks, assisting the cracks propagation; (d) finally, the cracks connect and collapse to a loosened cavity in the subsurface layer.

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