Microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbTaMo)C high-entropy ceramic

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.056

材料科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (0): 99-105.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.056

收稿日期:2019-05-16 接受日期:2019-07-29 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-03-11

Microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbTaMo)C high-entropy ceramic

Kai Wang^a, Lei Chen^a^b^c^*(), Chenguang Xu^a, Wen Zhang^a, Zhanguo Liu^a^c, Yujin Wang^a^c^*(), Jiahu Ouyang^a^c, Xinghong Zhang^b, Yudong Fu^d, Yu Zhou^a^c

a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
b National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
c Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
d College of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China

Received:2019-05-16 Accepted:2019-07-29 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-03-11
Contact: Chen Lei,Wang Yujin

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

A high-entropy (TiZrNbTaMo)C ceramic has been successfully fabricated by hot pressing the newly-synthesized quinary carbide powder to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties. The carbothermal reduction process of equimolar quinary metallic oxides at 1500 ℃ for 1 h generates a carbide powder mixture, which consists mainly of TaC- and ZrC-based solid solutions. The as-synthesized powder was then sintered to form a single-phase high-entropy ceramic by a two-step hot pressing at 1850 ℃ for 1 h and 2100 ℃ for 0.5 h, respectively. The high-entropy ceramic exhibits a fine grain size of about 8.8 μm, a high compositional uniformity and a high relative density of 98.6% by adding Mo as the strategic main component. The measured nanohardness values of (TiZrNbTaMo)C ceramic are 25.3 GPa at 9.8 N and 31.3 GPa at 100 mN, respectively, which are clearly higher than those of other available high-entropy carbide ceramics.

Key words: High-entropy ceramic, (TiZrNbTaMo)C, Microstructure, Enhanced hardness

. [J]. 材料科学与技术, 2020, 39(0): 99-105.

Kai Wang, Lei Chen, Chenguang Xu, Wen Zhang, Zhanguo Liu, Yujin Wang, Jiahu Ouyang, Xinghong Zhang, Yudong Fu, Yu Zhou. Microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbTaMo)C high-entropy ceramic[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 39(0): 99-105.

图/表 7

Table 1 Relationship between the difference in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and reaction temperature (T).

Reactions	Relationship between ΔG (kJ/mol) and T (℃)	Critical reaction temperature (℃)
ZrO₂ + 3C = ZrC + 2CO	ΔG=-471.9 × 10^-3T+535.757	1135.3
TiO₂ + 3C = TiC + 2CO	ΔG=-461.9 × 10^-3T+402.028	870.4
Ta₂O₅ + 7C = 2TaC + 5CO	ΔG=-1153.6 × 10^-3T+844.281	731.9
Nb₂O₅ + 7C = 2NbC + 5CO	ΔG= -1173.1 × 10^-3T+741.056	631.7
MoO₃(s) + 7/2C(s) = 1/2Mo₂C(s) + 3CO	ΔG=-704.6 × 10^-3T+185.780	263.7

Fig. 1. Characterization of the intermediate products powders: (a) XRD patterns of ball-milled powder mixture and as-synthesized powder at different temperatures; (b) enlarged XRD patterns of as-synthesized powder; (c) SEM micrographs of as-synthesized powder at 1500 ℃.

Fig. 2. Characterization of phase formation process: (a) XRD patterns of TaC, ZrC, as-synthesized carbide powder at 1500 ℃ and high-entropy ceramic; (b) Rietveld refinement of (TiZrNbTaMo)C (Fullprof, Rwp = 8.88); (c) schematic illustration showing the formation process of high-entropy ceramic (different colors represent different types of metallic atoms).

Fig. 3. XRD patterns of carbide powders and ceramics: (a) as-synthesized (Ta0.4Nb0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2)C powder; (b) (Ta0.4Nb0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2)C ceramic; (c) as-synthesized (Zr0.4Nb0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2)C powder; (d) (Zr0.4Nb0.2Ti0.2Mo0.2)C ceramic.

Fig. 4. SEM and EDS analysis of (TiZrNbTaMo)C ceramic: (a) SEM image of the polished surface, with the corresponding EDS mapping of Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta and Mo element; (b) elemental component of point as marked in (a); (c) statistical chart of grain size distribution.

Fig. 5. TEM analysis of the (TiZrNbTaMo)C ceramic: (a) HRTEM image; (b) SAED pattern; (c) the HADDF image and the corresponding EDS compositional maps.

Table 2 Hardness and fracture toughness of high-entropy (TiZrNbTaMo)C carbide ceramic for a comparative study.

Ceramic	Fracture toughness (MPa m^1/2)	Hardness at different loads (GPa)	Reference
(TiZrNbTaMo)C	3.28 ± 0.12	16.8 ± 1.2 (98 N) 17.9 ± 1.0 (49 N) 25.3 ± 0.3 (9.8 N) 31.3 ± 2.5 (100 mN)	This work
(TiZrNbTaHf)C	--	27.5 (0.5 N)	[18]
(TiZrNbTaHf)C	--	32 (0.3 N)	[16]
(TiZrNbTaHf)C	--	15 (9.8 N)	[20]
(TiZrNbTaHf)C	3.0	18.8 (9.8 N) 22.5 (0.98 N) 40 (8 mN)	[19]
(TiZrNbV)C	4.7	19 (49 N) 22.5 (0.98 N)	[25]

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbTaMo)C high-entropy ceramic

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