锘�
J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2007, 23(03) 289-300  DOI:      ISSN: 1005-0302 CN: 21-1315/TG

Current Issue | Archive | Search                                                            [Print]   [Close]
Research Articles
Information and Service
This Article
Supporting info
PDF(4465KB)
[HTML]
Reference
Service and feedback
Email this article to a colleague
Add to Bookshelf
Add to Citation Manager
Cite This Article
Email Alert
Keywords
Directional solidification
Liquid metal cooling
Superalloys
Microstructure...
Authors
Jian ZHANG
Langhong LOU
PubMed
Article by
Article by

Directional Solidification Assisted by Liquid Metal Cooling

Jian ZHANG, Langhong LOU

Superalloys Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Abstract

An overview of the development and current status of the directional solidification process assisted by liquid metal cooling (LMC) has been presented in this paper. The driving force of the rapid development of the LMC process has been analyzed by considering the demands of (1) newer technologies that can provide higher thermal gradients for alleviated segregation in advanced alloy systems, and (2) better production yield of the large directionally solidified superalloy components. The brief history of the industrialization of the LMC process has been reviewed, followed by the discussion on the LMC parameters including selection of the cooling media, using of the dynamic baffle, and the influence of withdrawal rates and so on. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the traditional superalloys processed by LMC, as well as the new alloys particularly developed for LMC process were then described. Finally, future aspects concerning the LMC process have been summarized.

Keywords Directional solidification   Liquid metal cooling   Superalloys   Microstructure...   
Received 2007-01-16 Revised 1900-01-01 Online: 2009-10-10 
DOI:
Fund:
Corresponding Authors: Jian ZHANG
Email: jianzhang@imr.ac.cn
About author:

References:
[1]B.B.Seth: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 3.
[2]M.J.Goulette: in Superalloys 1996, eds. R.D.Kissinger, D.J.Deye, D.L.Anton, A.D.Cetel, M.V.Nathal, T.M.Pollock and D.A.Woodford, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, 3.
[3]H.Z.Fu: J. Aeronaut. Mater., 1998, 18, 52.
[4] J.S.Hou, J.T.Guo, L.Z.Zhou and Z.J.Li: J. Mater. Sci. Technol, 2005, 21, 347.
[5]R.Z.Chen, L.She, H.W.Zhang and L.B.Wang: J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2000, 20, 14.
[6]Y.X.Zhou, J.F.Radavich, Z.Zheng, X.Z.Ning, L.H.Lou and X.S.Xie: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 329.
[7]J.R.Li, Z.G.Zhong, D.Z.Tang, S.Z.Liu, P.Wei, P.Y.Wei, Z.T.Wu, D.Huang and M.Han: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 777.
[8]D.Yang, T.Jin, N.Zhao, Z.Wang, X.Sun, H.Guan and Z.Hu: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2006, 22, 169.
[9] P.Caron and T.Khan: Aerosp. Sci. Technol, 1999, 3, 513.
[10]C.X.Shi: Acta Metall. Sin., 1996, 9, 391.
[11] M.Konter and M.Thumann: J. Mater. Proc. Technol, 2001, 117, 386.
[12]S.Tin and T.M.Pollock: in Adv. Mater. Processes for Gas Turbines, eds. G.Puchs, A.James, T.Gabb, M.McLean and H.Harada, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, 91.
M.McLean, P.D.Lee and B.A.Shollock: in Adv. Mater. Processes for Gas Turbines, eds. G.Fuchs, A.James, T.Gabb, M.McLean and H.Harada, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, 83.
[13]G.L.Erickson: in Superalloy 1996, eds. R.D.Kissinger, D.J.Deye, D.L.Anton, A.D.Cetel, M.V.Nathal, T.M.Pollock and D.A.Woodford, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, 35.
[14]A.Epishin, T.Link and U.brueckner: in Mater. Adv. Power Eng. 2006, eds. J.Lecomte-Beckers, M.Carton, F.Schubert and P.J.Ennis, Froschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, 2006, 507.
[15]A.Volek, R.F.Singer, R.Buergel, J.Grossmann and Y.Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, 37A, 405.
[16] C.M.F.Rae and R.C.Reed: Acta Mater, 2001, 49, 4113.
[17]W.S.Walston, J.C.Schaeffer and W.H.Murphy: in Superalloys 1996, eds. R.D.Kissinger, D.J.Deye, D.L.Anton, A.D.Cetel, M.V.Nathal, T.M.Pollock and D.A.Woodford, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, 9.
[18]W.S.Walston, K.S.Ohara, E.W.Ross, T.M.Pollock and W.H.Murphy: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 829.
[19]G.E.Fuchs: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2001, A300, 52.
[20]M.L.Clemens and A.R.Price: in Adv. Mater. Processes for Gas Turbines, eds. G.Fuchs, A.James, T.Gabb, M.McLean and H.Harada, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, 111.
N.Saunders, X.Li, A.P.Miodownik and J-Ph.Schille: in Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes X, eds. D.Stefanescu, J.Warren, M.Jolly and M.Krane, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, 669.
[21]M.Konter, E.Kats and N.Hofmann: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 189.
[22] C.T.Sims: N.S.Stoloff and W.C.Hagel: in SuperalloysⅡ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987, , .
[23]U.Betz, F.Hugo, H.J.Kemmer and R.Schumann: in 9th World Conf. Invest. Casting, San Francisco, CA, 1996, 11:1.
[24]R.F.Singer: in Mater. Adv. Power Eng., eds. D.Coutsouradis, J.H.Davidson, J.Ewald, P.Greenfield, T.Khan, M.Malik, D.B.Meadowcroft, V.Regis, R.B.Scarlin, F.Schubert and D.V.Thornton, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1994, 1707.
[25] Y.A.Bondarenko and E.N.Kablov: Metal Sci. Heat Treatment, 2002, 44, 288.
[26]E.N.Kablov, V.V.Gerasimov, V.A.Dubrovskii and E.M.Visik: Mater. Eng., 1996, 5, 16. (in Chinese)
[27] L.Liu, T.W.Huang, J.Zhang and H.Z.Fu: Mater. Lett, 2007, 61, 227.
[28]S.J.Chu, J.G.Li, Z.Y.Liu, Z.X.Shi and H.Z.Pu: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1994, 25A, 637.
[29] H.Z.Pu and X.G.Geng: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater, 2001, 2, 197.
[30] A.F.Giamei and J.G.Tschinkel: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1976, 7, 1427.
[31]J.G.Tschinkel, A.F.Giamei and B.H.Kearn: US patent, 3763926, 1973.
[32]J.Grossman, J.Preuhs, W.Esser and R.F.Singer: in Inter. Symp. Liquid Metal Processing Casting, eds. A.Mitchell, L.Ridgway and M.Baldwin, AVS, New York, NY, 1999, 31.
[33]F.Hugo, H.Mayer and R.F.Singer: in 42nd Annual Technical Meeting, Investment Casting Institute, Atlanta, GA, 1994.
[34]Participation of MATI Scientists in Federal Aviation Engines Program, www.mati.ru, Moscow, Russia, 2005.
[35]Annual report, Department of Mater. Sci. Eng., WWII, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, eds. R.F.Singer and S.M.Rosiwal, Erlangen, Germany, 2000.
[36]A.J.Elliott, G.B.Karney, M.F.X.Gigliotti and T.M.Pollock: in Superalloys 2004, eds. K.A.Green, T.M.Pollock, H.Harada, T.E.Howson, R.C.Reed, J.J.Schirra and S.Walston, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2004, 421.
[37]S.C.Huang: in 4th Symp. Adv. Technol. Process of Metals and Alloys, Frankfurt, Germany, 1999.
[38]A.Lohmueller, W.Esser, J.Grossmann, M.Hoerdler, J.Preuhs and R.F.Singer: in Superalloys 2000, eds. T.M.Pollock, R.D.Kissinger, R.R.Bowman, K.A.Green, M.Mclean, S.Olson and J.J.Schirra, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, 181.
[39]O.Kubaschewski and C.B.Alcock: in Metallurgical Thermochemistry, Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, England, 1979.
[40]Metals Handbook, 10th edition, vol. 2, ASM International, OH, 1990.
[41]R.T.Holt and W.Wallace: Int. Mater. Rev., 1976, 21, 1.
[42]G.W.Meetham: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1984, 11, 414.
[43]H.Okamoto: in Desk Handbook: Binary Phase Diagram, ASM International, OH, 2000.
[44]D.R.Wood and R.M.Cook: MetaiJurgia, 1963,67, 109.
[45]R.L.Dreshfield, W.A.Johnson and G.A.Maurer: NASA Report, No. TM-86866, Glenn Research Center, 1984.
[46]A.J.Elliott, S.Tin, W.T.King, S.C.Huang, M.F.X.Gigliotti and T.M.Pollock: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, 35A, 3221.
[47]M.Rappaz, C.A.Gandin, J.L.Desbiolles and P.Thevoz: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, 27A, 695.
[48]N.Dsouza, M.G.Ardakani, M.McLean and B.A.Shollock: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, 31A, 2877.
[49]T.M.Pollock and W.H.Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, 27A, 1081.
[50]S.Tin and T.M.Pollock: in Adv. Mater. Processes for Gas Turbines, eds. G.Fuchs, A.James, T.Gabb, M.McLean and H.Harada, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, 91.
[51] S.Tin and T.M.Pollock: J. Mater. Sci, 2004, 39, 7199.
[52]A.J.Elliott, T.M.Pollock, S.Tin, W.T.King, S.C.Huang and M.F.X.Gigliotti: in Parsons 2003: Eng. Issues in Turbine Machinery, Power Plant and Renewables, eds. A.Strang, R.D.Conroy, W.M.Banks, M.Blackler, J.Leggett, G.G.McColvin, S.Simpson, M.Smith, F.Starr and R.W.Vanstone, Maney, London, 2003, 649.
[53]S.C.Huang, P.H.Monaghan, J.C.Zhao and M.F.X.Gigliotti: US patent, 6217286, 2001.
[54]T.Zhao, B.C.Yan, J.Shen, J.Zhang and L.H.Lou: in Superalloys 2007, Shanghai, China, 2007.
[55]P.N.Quested and M.McLean: in Solidification Technology in the Foundry and Cast House, TMS, London, 1983, 586.
[56]Q.Zheng, G.Hou, X.Sun, T.Jin, H.Guan and Z.Hu: Mater. Eng., 2002, 3, 24. (in Chinese)
[57]Z.Liu, J.Li, H.Fu, L.She, R.Chen and L.Wang: Chin. J. Mater. Res., 1996, 10, 13. (in Chinese)
[58]X.P.Guo, H.Z.Fu and J.H.Sun: Chin. J. Mater. Res., 1995, 9, 213. (in Chinese)
[59]T.Khan: in High Temperature Alloys for Gas Turbines and other Applications 1986, Part I, eds. W.Betz, R.Brunetaud, D.Coutsouradis, H.Fischmeister, T.B.Gibbons, I.Kvernes, Y.Lindblom, J.B.Marriott and D.B.Meadowcroft, D.Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1986, 21.
[60]S.Balsone, G.J.Feng, L.Peterson and J.Schaeffer: in SolidiScation Processes and Microstructures-A Symposium in Honor of Wilfried Kurz, eds. M.Rappaz, C.Beckermann and R.Trivedi, TMS, 2004, 77.
[61]M.Lamm, A.Volek, O.Luesebrink and R.F.Singer: in Mater. Adv. Power Eng. 2006, eds. J.Lecomte-Beckers, M.Carton, F.Schubert and P.J.Ennis, Froschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, 2006, 334.
[62] Y.A.Bondarenko and E.N.Kablov: Metal Sci. Heat Treatment, 2002, 44, 288.
[63]T.F.Fitzgerald and R.F.Singer: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, 28A, 1377.
[64]A.Kermanpur, N.Varahram, P.Davami and M.Rappaz: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2000, 31B, 1293.
[65] M.McLean: in High Temperature Materials: eds. R.W.Chan, A.G.Evans and M.McLean, The Royal Society and Chapman & Hall, London, 1996, , .
[66]M.J.Donachie and S.J.Donachie: in Superalloys: A Technical Guide, ASM International, OH, 2002.
[67] O.P.Sinha, M.Chatterjee, V.V.R.S.Sarma and S.N.Jha: Bull. Mater. Sci, 2005, 28, 379.
Similar articles
1.GUO Jingjie; LI Xinzhong; SU Yanqing; WU Shiping; FU Hengzhi.Formation Mechanism of Band Structure and Phase Selection During Directional Solidification of Peritectic Alloys II. Phase Selection[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2005,41(6): 599-604
2.CAO Zhiqiang ZHANG Liping REN Zhongming JIN Junze Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,China.INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING ON MACROSEGREGATION OF CAST IRON[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992,5(10): 311-314
3.LIU Junming LIU Zhiguo WU Zhuangchun Nanjing University,China LIU Junming,lecturer,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructuros,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China.SCALING LAW OF IRREGULAR EUTECTIC IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1993,6(5): 283-290
4.JIE Wanqi(State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China) Manuscript received 25 May 1995.EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF Al-4.5wt%Cu ALLOY BY ACRT METHOD[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1996,9(1): 17-22
5.ZHANG Jinghua TANG Yajun YU Yang ZHANG Jishan HU Zhuangqi Institute of Metal Research,Academia Sinica,Shenyang,China.THERMAL FATIGUE PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED DZ38G ALLOY[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1989,2(1): 35-41
6.WEN Mao LIN Dongliang T.L.Lin Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,China LIN Dongliang Professor,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030,China.PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND DISLOCATION STRUCTURE IN γ'-PHASE OF A DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1990,3(2): 79-88
7.REN Zhongming SU Hui JIN Junze Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,China.Si-RICH LAYER FORMATION DURING DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF AI-Si EUTECTIC ALLOY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1991,4(8): 147-149
8.WANG Huaming TANG Yajun ZHANG Jinghua ZHANG Zhiya HU Zhuangqi Institute of Metal Research,Academia Sinica,Shenyang,China.MC CARBIDE FLOATATION IN A HOT CORROSION RESISTANT SINGLE CRYSTAL Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY DURING DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992,5(1): 66-68
9.ZHU Ruihui WANG Yu HAN Qiyong SONG Weixi University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,China Engineer,Institute of Precise and Special New Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China.DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECT OF Ce IN RE BEARING DUCTILE IRON[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992,5(6): 419-424
10.LIU Yulin ZHANG Yun ZHAO Hong'en HU Zhuangqi SHI Changxu Institute of Metal Research,Academia Sinica,Shenyang,China Associate Professor,Institute of Metal Research,Academia Sinica,Shenyang 110015,China.INTERFACE MORPHOLOGIES AND SOLUTE SEGREGATION OF Al-Li ALLOY 8090 DURING UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1993,6(2): 73-77
11.SUN Jian ZHANG Yuanhu HU Gengxiang Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,China SUN Jian,lecturer,Department of Materials Science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030,China.CREEP CRACK PROPAGATION IN CONVENTIONAL CAST AND DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOY RENE 80[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1993,6(5): 343-345
12.DONG Hongbiao JI Yongyi ZHU Jun LU Shuzu ZHONG Xueyou University of Science and Technology,Beijing,ChinaLI Jianguo Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China DONG Hongbiao,lecturer,Department of Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China.PREPARATION AND SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTIC OF IN SITU DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED EUTECTIC Al_(11)La_3/Al COMPOSITE[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1993,6(5): 278-282
13.LIU Shan LU Deyang HUANG Tao ZHOU Yaohe National Lab of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China LIU Shan,lecturer,National Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China.EFFECT OF LIQUID FLOW ON PRIMARY ARM SPACING OF CONSTRAINED COLUMNAR CRYSTALS[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1993,6(5): 320-325
14.SUN LilingInstitute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaWU QiShenyang College of Technology, Shenyang, ChinaZHANG Zhiya, HU ZhuangqiInstitute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.EFFECT OF TRACE ELEMENT B ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Co-BASE SUPER ALLOY DZX40M[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1994,7(1): 23-26
15.S.P. Li; S.X. Zhao; M.X Pan;D.Q. Zhao; and X.C.Chen (Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China).MORPHOLOGY AND ORIENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED α(A1)-Mg_2Si EUTECTIC[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1996,9(5): 323-328

Copyright by J. Mater. Sci. Technol.