Influence of ZnO/graphene nanolaminate periodicity on their structural and mechanical properties

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.03.022

Abstract

Abstract:

Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of ZnO/Graphene (ZnO/G) nanolaminates fabricated by low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated. We performed scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nanoindentation to characterize the ZnO/G nanolaminates. The main structural and mechanical parameters of ZnO/G nanolaminates were calculated. The obtained results were analyzed and interpreted taking into account mechanical interaction and charge effects occurring at the G-ZnO interface. The influence of graphene sublayers number on the mechanical behavior of the ZnO/G nanolaminates was studied. By reducing the bilayer thickness, the mechanical parameters of the films can be tuned (Young’s modulus 100-200 GPa, hardness 3-9 GPa). The softer response of the multilayers as compared to the single layers of ZnO and graphene was attributed to the structural changes in the ZnO layer and the interfaces. This study shows the mechanical behavior of ZnO/G nanolaminates and their influence on the development of novel electro-optical devices based on these structures.

Key words: Nanolaminate, Graphene, ZnO, XPS, Nanointendation, Multilayers, Atomic layer deposition, Chemical vapor deposition

Igor Iatsunskyi, Margarita Baitimirova, Emerson Coy, Luis Yate, Roman Viter, Arunas Ramanavicius, Stefan Jurga, Mikhael Bechelany, Donats Erts. Influence of ZnO/graphene nanolaminate periodicity on their structural and mechanical properties[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(9): 1487-1493.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the fabrication of ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates.

Table 1 Samples description.

Samples	ZnO layer thickness nm	Number of ZnO layers	Number of Gr layers
ZnO100G0	100	1	0
ZnO100G2	100	1	2
ZnO50G3	50	2	3
ZnO25G5	25	4	5
ZnO20G6	20	5	6
ZnO10G11	10	10	11

Fig. 2. GIXRD patterns of ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates.

Fig. 3. Raman spectra of ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates.

Fig. 4. SEM/TEM images of cross-section of ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates: (a) ZnO100G2 sample, (inset - high magnification of white square); (b) the interface between Si-Graphene-ZnO (inset - FFT of yellow square); (c) ZnO50G3 sample; (d) ZnO25G5 sample; (e) ZnO20G6 sample; f) ZnO10G11 sample.

Fig. 5. (a) XPS survey spectra of the ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates; XPS core-level spectra of (b) Zn 2p, and (c) O 1s.

Fig. 6. (a) Values of elastic modulus E (left axis) and hardness H (right axis) vs the number of graphene layers for ZnO/Graphene nanolaminates and values of 100 nm ZnO layer (marked by red/black squares). The inset shows the value of H/E vs the number of graphene layers. Sketch shows the piling up effect of defects and delamination’s as the number of layers increases, (b) Topographic images resulting of nanowear experiments.

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