J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 1940-1950.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.009
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Rongjian Shiac, Zidong Wangb, Lijie Qiaoac*(), Xiaolu Pangab*()
Received:
2019-01-16
Revised:
2019-03-06
Accepted:
2019-04-03
Online:
2019-09-20
Published:
2019-07-26
Contact:
Qiao Lijie,Pang Xiaolu
About author:
1 These authors contributed equally to this work.
Rongjian Shi, Zidong Wang, Lijie Qiao, Xiaolu Pang. Microstructure evolution of in-situ nanoparticles and its comprehensive effect on high strength steel[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(9): 1940-1950.
Steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | V | Nb | Al | Ti | Cu | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This study | 0.05 | 0.30 | 1.10 | 0.007 | 0.0015 | 3.50 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | / | Bal. |
HSLA-100 [ | 0.057 | 0.38 | 0.99 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 3.42 | 0.67 | 0.60 | / | 0.036 | 0.024 | / | 1.66 | Bal. |
Table 1 Alloy compositions of the steels studied (mass. %).
Steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | V | Nb | Al | Ti | Cu | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This study | 0.05 | 0.30 | 1.10 | 0.007 | 0.0015 | 3.50 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | / | Bal. |
HSLA-100 [ | 0.057 | 0.38 | 0.99 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 3.42 | 0.67 | 0.60 | / | 0.036 | 0.024 | / | 1.66 | Bal. |
Fig. 2. Typical (a) distribution and (b) morphology of inclusions in the as-cast steel; (c) corresponding EDS spectrum of the complex inclusion in (b). (d) EDS spectrum of A and (e) EDS spectrum of B shown in (b), (f), and (g) are spectra of two typical inclusions; the insets show the EDS spectra corresponding to the core and shell.
Inclusion in given figure | Part | O | Al | Mg | Ti | S | Mn | Ca | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core | 58.80 | 24.45 | 11.12 | 1.90 | 1.89 | 1.21 | 0.63 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 19.07 | 6.79 | 10.55 | 0.00 | 33.13 | 26.65 | 3.81 | 100.00 | |
Core1 | 59.52 | 20.58 | 11.60 | 0.24 | 4.16 | 2.09 | 1.81 | 100.00 | |
Core2 | 58.35 | 22.45 | 12.98 | 0.54 | 2.86 | 1.62 | 1.20 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 31.41 | 12.69 | 11.21 | 0.00 | 22.12 | 15.38 | 7.19 | 100.00 | |
Core | 62.23 | 21.56 | 12.76 | 1.16 | 1.34 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 9.48 | 9.26 | 17.11 | 0.81 | 37.35 | 18.29 | 7.70 | 100.00 |
Table 2 EDS results of inclusions in Fig. 2 (at. %).
Inclusion in given figure | Part | O | Al | Mg | Ti | S | Mn | Ca | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core | 58.80 | 24.45 | 11.12 | 1.90 | 1.89 | 1.21 | 0.63 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 19.07 | 6.79 | 10.55 | 0.00 | 33.13 | 26.65 | 3.81 | 100.00 | |
Core1 | 59.52 | 20.58 | 11.60 | 0.24 | 4.16 | 2.09 | 1.81 | 100.00 | |
Core2 | 58.35 | 22.45 | 12.98 | 0.54 | 2.86 | 1.62 | 1.20 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 31.41 | 12.69 | 11.21 | 0.00 | 22.12 | 15.38 | 7.19 | 100.00 | |
Core | 62.23 | 21.56 | 12.76 | 1.16 | 1.34 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 100.00 | |
Shell | 9.48 | 9.26 | 17.11 | 0.81 | 37.35 | 18.29 | 7.70 | 100.00 |
Fig. 3. TEM and HRTEM images showing Ti3O5 nanoparticles in the as-cast steel: (a) Bright-field image and SADP with [-113] zone axis (inset), (b) the corresponding dark-field image, (c) a schematic model of the marked SADP pattern showing the matrix (in red) and nanoparticles (in blue), (d) magnified view of the nanoparticles in the matrix, (e) HRTEM image of one large nanoparticle and the SADP after FFT (inset), and (f) the corresponding calibration SADP results for nanoparticles after FFT.
Fig. 4. TEM images of thin foil and carbon replica showing the presence of tempered martensite and nanoprecipitates in tempered steel. (a) bcc α-Fe matrix with martensite lath, (b) distribution of precipitates with carbon replica, (c) SADP of the region indicated by a dashed circle in (b), (d) morphology of several large precipitates, (e, f, g) the corresponding EDS spectra and a table of element contents for particles A, B, and C in (d), respectively; (h) schematic of marked SADP pattern showing Nb(C, N) (in red) and Ti3O5 (in blue).
Measured d-spacing (?) | Precipitation types | Lattice plane | Corresponding d-spacing (?) |
---|---|---|---|
0.874 | Nb(C, N) | (314) | 0.8710 |
0.971 | (421) | 0.9691 | |
1.081 | (410) | 1.0771 | |
1.458 | Ti3O5 | (124) | 1.4595 |
2.058 | (-410) | 2.0524 | |
2.393 | (31-1) | 2.4022 |
Table 3 Diffraction results for the precipitation in Fig. 4(c).
Measured d-spacing (?) | Precipitation types | Lattice plane | Corresponding d-spacing (?) |
---|---|---|---|
0.874 | Nb(C, N) | (314) | 0.8710 |
0.971 | (421) | 0.9691 | |
1.081 | (410) | 1.0771 | |
1.458 | Ti3O5 | (124) | 1.4595 |
2.058 | (-410) | 2.0524 | |
2.393 | (31-1) | 2.4022 |
Fig. 5. (a) Presence of nanoprecipitated NbC in a thin foil sample of tempered steel; (b) the corresponding EDS spectrum with a table of the element contents in the region indicated by the circle in (a).
Steel | Yield strength, (MPa) | Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | CVN at -50 ℃ (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
This study | 1008 | 1047 | 18 | 115 |
HSLA-100 [ | 1068 | 1103 | 17 | 32 |
634 | 813 | 24 | 120 |
Table 4 Mechanical properties of the steel used in this study and the HSLA-100 reported in Ref. [2].
Steel | Yield strength, (MPa) | Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | CVN at -50 ℃ (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
This study | 1008 | 1047 | 18 | 115 |
HSLA-100 [ | 1068 | 1103 | 17 | 32 |
634 | 813 | 24 | 120 |
Fig. 8. Measurement and analysis of the dislocation density by XRD: (a) XRD patterns of the investigated steel; (b), (c), (d), and (e) are XRD peaks corresponding to the (110), (200), (211), and (310) planes, respectively; (f) Williamson-Hall plots for the diffraction patterns of the investigated steel.
Fig. 9. Analysis of the diameter and the volume fraction of nanoparticles by SAXS (a) Absolute scattering intensity curve of the investigated tempered steel: I vs. q; (b) Guinier curve: ln I vs. q2, (c) Iq2 vs. q, the inset is a partial enlargement.
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