Optimization of mechanical property, antibacterial property and corrosion resistance of Ti-Cu alloy for dental implant

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.03.044

Abstract

Abstract:

Ti-Cu alloys with different Cu contents (3, 5 and 7 wt%) were fabricated and studied as novel antibacterial biomaterials for dental application. The Ti-Cu alloys were annealing treated at different temperatures (740 ℃, 830 ℃ and 910 ℃) in order to obtain three typical microstructures, α-Ti + Ti₂Cu, α-Ti + transformed β-Ti, and transformed β-Ti. Mechanical, antibacterial and biocorrosion properties of Ti-Cu alloys with different microstructures were well analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile test, electrochemical test and antibacterial test. The results indicated that the Ti-Cu alloys with microstructure of α-Ti + Ti₂Cu showed the best ductility compared with other Ti-Cu alloys with microstructures of α-Ti + transformed β-Ti and complete transformed β-Ti, and meanwhile, increase of the Cu content significantly contributed to the decreased ductility due to the increasing amount of Ti₂Cu, which brought both solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Finally, the Ti-5Cu alloy with microstructure of α-Ti + Ti₂Cu exhibited excellent ductility, antibacterial property and corrosion resistance, providing a great potential in clinical application for dental implants.

Key words: Ti-Cu alloy, Ti₂Cu, Microstructure, Cu contents, Optimization

Jiewen Wang, Shuyuan Zhang, Ziqing Sun, Hai Wang, Ling Ren, Ke Yang. Optimization of mechanical property, antibacterial property and corrosion resistance of Ti-Cu alloy for dental implant[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(10): 2336-2344.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Microstructures of Ti-Cu alloys with different heat treatments.

Sample	Cu content (wt%)	Microstructure
Ti-3Cu-740	3	α-Ti + Ti₂Cu
Ti-5Cu-740	5	α-Ti + Ti₂Cu
Ti-7Cu-740	7	α-Ti + Ti₂Cu
Ti-3Cu-830	3	α-Ti + transformed β-Ti
Ti-5Cu-830	5	α-Ti + transformed β-Ti
Ti-7Cu-830	7	transformed β-Ti
Ti-3Cu-910	3	transformed β-Ti
Ti-5Cu-910	5	transformed β-Ti
Ti-7Cu-910	7	transformed β-Ti

Fig. 1. (a) Differential Scanning calorimeter (DSC) graph of Ti-xCu alloys, and (b) XRD patterns of Ti-xCu alloys after heat treatment.

Fig. 2. Microstructures of heat treated Ti-xCu alloys with different Cu contents.

Fig. 3. (a) SEM morphology ofTi-5Cu-740 with EDS results; (b) TEM observation of Ti2Cu precipitates in Ti-5Cu-740 with SDP analysis; (c) SEM morphology of Ti-5Cu-910; (d) TEM observation of Ti2Cu precipitate in Ti-5Cu-910 with EDS and SDP analyses.

Fig. 4. Mechanical properties of Ti-xCu alloys under 3 × 3 conditions in comparison with CP-Ti.

Table 2 Mechanical properties of Ti-xCu alloys that satisfy the standard for TA2 level.

Samples	Microstructure	Tensile strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
Ti-3Cu-740	α-Ti + Ti2Cu	575 ± 9	21 ± 0.7
Ti-5Cu-740	α-Ti + Ti2Cu	594 ± 5	26 ± 1.5
Ti-7Cu-740	α-Ti + Ti2Cu	649 ± 8	23 ± 4.0
Ti-3Cu-830	α-Ti + transformed β	584 ± 3	24 ± 1.0
TA2 standard	α-Ti	400	20

Fig. 5. Fracture morphologies of Ti-5Cu samples annealed at (a) 740 ℃, (b) 830 ℃, (c) 910 ℃.

Fig. 6. Antibacterial test results of Ti-xCu alloys with different microstructures and Cu contents in comparison with CP-Ti.

Fig. 7. Electrochemical curves of Ti-5Cu samples with different microstructures: (a) open-circuit potential (OCP); (b) potential dynamic curves (PD); (c) Nyquist plot diagram; (d) Bode phase and (e) Bode plot diagram.

Table 3 Electrochemical data of Ti-5Cu samples with different microstructures obtained from OCP and polarization curves.

Samples	E_ocp (mV)	E_corr (mV)	j_corr (nA cm^-2)	j_pass (μA cm^-2)
Ti-5Cu-740	-358 ± 3.5	-340 ± 13	24 ± 7.4	1.9 ± 0.1
Ti-5Cu-830	-397 ± 34	-384 ± 7.0	106 ± 33	3.6 ± 1.8
Ti-5Cu-910	-401 ± 25	-402 ± 30	11 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 0.1
CP-Ti	-419 ± 11	-430 ± 31	172 ± 36	2.5 ± 0.4

Table 4 Equivalent circuit parameters for EIS spectra of Ti-5Cu samples.

Samples	R_s (Ω cm²)	R_cl (kΩ cm²)	Q_cl (μΩ^-1 sⁿ cm^-2)	n
Ti-5Cu-740	44.4 ± 0.25	402.9 ± 7.74	24.49 ± 0.14	0.92 ± 0.00
Ti-5Cu-830	11.3 ± 0.63	64.95 ± 0.82	69.86 ± 0.44	0.94 ± 0.01
Ti-5Cu-910	17.7 ± 0.11	1241 ± 45.76	19.98 ± 0.11	0.93 ± 0.01
CP-Ti	26.1 ± 0.14	145.8 ± 3.00	79.33 ± 0.45	0.94 ± 0.02

Fig. 8. Elongation of Ti-Cu alloys with different Cu contents and microstructures, together with relevant literature data for comparison.

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