Comparative Study about Degradation of High-purity Magnesium Screw in Intact Femoral Intracondyle and in Fixation of Femoral Intracondylar Fracture

Abstract

Abstract:

Bone screws encounter complex mechanical environment in fracture fixation of weight-bearing bone. In the present study, high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) screws were applied in fixation of rabbit femoral intracondylar fracture with 3?mm gap. In the control group, HP Mg screws of the same design were implanted at corresponding position of contralateral leg. At 4, 8 and 16 weeks after surgery, retrieved femurs went through micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and hard tissue processing. Under mechanical stress involved in fracture fixation, bending of screw bolt was observed at the portion exposed to facture gap at 4 weeks. Then local corrosion at the same portion was detected 16 weeks after surgery, which indicated the accumulation effect of mechanical stress on Mg corrosion. HP Mg screws in the fracture group had no significant difference with the control group in screw volume, surface area, surface-to-volume ratio (S/V). And peri-implant bone volume/tissues volume (BV/TV) and bone volume density (BMD) in the fracture group was comparable to that in the control group. Furthermore, histological analysis showed new formed bone tissues in fracture gap and fracture healing 16 weeks after surgery. Under mechanical stress, HP Mg screw suffered bolt bending and local corrosion at the portion exposed to fracture gap. But it had no influence on the integral corrosion behaviors, osseointegration of HP Mg screw and the fracture healing. Therefore, HP Mg screws possessed good potential in fracture fixation of weight-bearing bones.

Key words: High-purity magnesium, Fracture fixation, Femoral intracondylar, Corrosion, Osseointegration

Han Pei,Cheng Pengfei,Zhao Changli,Zhang Shaoxiang,Zhou Runhua,Zhang Xiaonong,Chai Yimin. Comparative Study about Degradation of High-purity Magnesium Screw in Intact Femoral Intracondyle and in Fixation of Femoral Intracondylar Fracture[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(3): 305-310.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1. Diagrammatic drawing showing that HP Mg screws in fixation of femoral intracondylar fracture (right leg) and its implantation in the intact femoral intracondyle (left leg). The gray zone in the right leg marks the 3?mm fracture gap.

Fig.2. Micro-CT scans exhibiting HP Mg screws both in the fracture group and the control group at 4, 8 and 16 weeks. The high magnification images of the red squares are shown below the squares in each image of the fracture group and the control group. Red arrowheads mark the fracture gap

Fig.3. In vivo 3D images of HP Mg screws both in the fracture group and the control group before surgery and 4, 8, 16 weeks after surgery.

Fig.4. Volume (a), surface areas (b) and S/V (c) of HP Mg screws both in the fracture group and the control group at 4, 8 and 16 weeks.

Fig.5. BV/TV (a) and BMD (b) of peri-screw bone tissues both in the fracture group and the control group at 4, 8 and 16 weeks.

Fig.6. 3D images of the gross morphology (upper) and coronal sections (lower) of femoral intracondyle fixed by HP Mg screws at 4, 8 and 16 weeks. Red arrowheads mark the specific screw portion exposed to fracture gap.

Fig.7. Histological overview of fracture gap in femoral intracondylar fixed by HP Mg screws. Van Gieson stain was used. NB marks newly formed bone, and T marks matured trabecular bone. Yellow and black arrowheads indicate the osteoblasts in osteoid matrix and osteocytes in bone tissues, respectively.

References

[1]	M. Berry,Med. Device Technol, 19(2008), pp. 69-70 72
[2]	M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, J. Hieda,Acta Biomater, 8(2012), pp. 3888-3903
[3]	J. Nagels, M. Stokdijk, P.M. Rozing,J. Shoulder Elbow Surg, 12(2003), pp. 35-39
[4]	K.W. Yeung, K.H. Wong,Technol. Health Care, 20(2012), pp. 345-362
[5]	M.P. Staiger, A.M. Pietak, J. Huadmai, G. Dias,Biomaterials, 27(2006), pp. 1728-1734
[6]	F. Witte,Acta Biomater, 6(2010), pp. 1680-1692
[7]	J. Reifenrath, N. Angrisani, N. Erdmann, A. Lucas, H. Waizy, J.M. Seitz, A. Bondarenko, A. Meyer-Lindenberg,Biomed. Mater, 8(2013), p. 045012
[8]	S.E. Henderson, K. Verdelis, S. Maiti, S. Pal, W.L. Chung, D.T. Chou, P.N. Kumta, A.J. Almarza,Acta Biomater, 10(2014), pp. 2323-2332
[9]	L. Wolters, S. Besdo, N. Angrisani, P. Wriggers, B. Hering, J.M. Seitz, J. Reifenrath,Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl, 49(2015), pp. 305-315
[10]	A. Chaya, S. Yoshizawa, K. Verdelis, S. Noorani, B.J. Costello, C. Sfeir,J. Oral Maxillofac.Surg, 73(2015), pp. 295-305
[11]	H. Waizy, A. Weizbauer, M. Maibaum, F. Witte, H. Windhagen, A. Lucas, B. Denkena, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, F. Thorey,J. Mater. Sci.Mater. Med, 23(2012), pp. 649-655
[12]	P. Han, P. Cheng, S. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Ni, Y. Zhang, W. Zhong, P. Hou, X. Zhang, Y. Zheng, Y. Chai,Biomaterials, 64(2015), pp. 57-69
[13]	N. Erdmann, N. Angrisani, J. Reifenrath, A. Lucas, F. Thorey, D. Bormann, A. Meyer-Lindenberg,Acta Biomater, 7(2011), pp. 1421-1428
[14]	A.H.Martinez Sanchez, B.J. Luthringer, F. Feyerabend, R. Willumeit,Acta Biomater, 13(2015), pp. 16-31
[15]	T.A. Einhorn, L.C. Gerstenfeld,Nat. Rev. Rheumatol, 11(2015), pp. 45-54
[16]	K.J. Bundy, C.J. Williams, R.E. Luedemann,Biomaterials, 12(1991), pp. 627-639
[17]	X.N. Gu, W.R. Zhou, Y.F. Zheng, Y. Cheng, S.C. Wei, S.P. Zhong, T.F. Xi, L.J. Chen,Acta Biomater, 6(2010), pp. 4605-4613
[18]	M. Jagodzinski, C. Krettek,Injury, 38 (Suppl. 1) (2007), pp. S3-S10
[19]	J.R. Mauney, S. Sjostorm, J. Blumberg, R. Horan, J.P.O'Leary, G. Vunjak-Novakovic, V. Volloch, D.L. Kaplan,Calcif. Tissue Int, 74(2004), pp. 458-468
[20]	U. Kandemir, J. Maclean,J. Knee Surg, 27(2014), pp. 21-29
[21]	M.L. Schenker, R.L. Mauck, J. Ahn, S. Mehta,J. Am. Acad.Orthop. Surg, 22(2014), pp. 20-28
[22]	S.F. Fischerauer, T. Kraus, X. Wu, S. Tangl, E. Sorantin, A.C. Hanzi, J.F. Loffler, P.J. Uggowitzer, A.M. Weinberg,Acta Biomater, 9(2013), pp. 5411-5420
[23]	C. Castellani, R.A. Lindtner, P. Hausbrandt, E. Tschegg, S.E.Stanzl-Tschegg, G. Zanoni, S. Beck, A.M. Weinberg,Acta Biomater, 7(2011), pp. 432-440
[24]	J. Reifenrath, D. Gottschalk, N. Angrisani, S. Besdo, A. Meyer-Lindenberg,Acta Vet. Scand, 54(2012), p. 21
[25]	D.L. Gushue, J. Houck, A.L. Lerner,J. Orthop.Res, 23(2005), pp. 735-742
[26]	I. Kutzner, B. Heinlein, F. Graichen, A. Bender, A. Rohlmann, A. Halder, A. Beier, G. Bergmann,J. Biomech, 43(2010), pp. 2164-2173
[27]	L.E. Claes, C.A. Heigele, C. Neidlinger-Wilke, D. Kaspar, W. Seidl, K.J. Margevicius, P. Augat,Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res, S355(1998), pp. S132-S147
[28]	A. Carlier, L. Geris, N. Gastel, G. Carmeliet, H. Van Oosterwyck,J. Theor.Biol, 365(2015), pp. 247-264
[29]	S.H. Lei, L. Guo, H.Y. Yue, D.C. Zhao, C.J. Zhang, W.J. Du, L.Z. Huang, J. Wang, Y.X. Dang, J.S. Liu, J.L. Hao, Y.L. Wang,Orthop. Surg, 5(2013), pp. 280-288
[30]	M. Yuasa, N.A. Mignemi, J.V. Barnett, J.M. Cates, J.S. Nyman, A. Okawa, T. Yoshii, H.S. Schwartz, C.M. Stutz, J.G. Schoenecker,Bone, 67(2014), pp. 208-221
[31]	M.B. Kannan, A. Yamamoto, H. Khakbaz,Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces, 126(2015), pp. 603-606
[32]	K.J. Hunt, Y. Goeb, R. Esparza, M. Malone, R. Shultz, G. Matheson,PM R, 6(2014), pp. 1022-1029
[33]	L. Choudhary, R.K.S.Raman,Eng. Fract. Mech, 103(2013), pp. 94-102
[34]	L. Choudhary, R.K.S.Raman,Acta Biomater, 8(2012), pp. 916-923
[35]	N.I.Zainal Abidin, B. Rolfe, H. Owen, J. Malisano, D. Martin, J. Hofstetter, P.J. Uggowitzer, A. Atrens,Corros. Sci, 75(2013), pp. 354-366
[36]	F. Witte, V. Kaese, H. Haferkamp, E. Switzer, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, C.J. Wirth, H. Windhagen,Biomaterials, 26(2005), pp. 3557-3563
[37]	A. Chaya, S. Yoshizawa, K. Verdelis, N. Myers, B.J. Costello, D.T. Chou, S. Pal, S. Maiti, P.N. Kumta, C. Sfeir,Acta Biomater, 18(2015), pp. 262-269