Controlled Synthesis of NaV6O15 Nanorods with High Reversible Capacity and Excellent Cycling Stability

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, we demonstrate an effective method to improve capacitive performance of NaV₆O₁₅ intrinsically by annealing. NaV₆O₁₅ nanorods (NRs) prepared by a simple annealing treatment exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance compared with the untreated NaV₆O₁₅ electrode, and yield a high specific capacitance (402.8?F/g at 300?mA/g). Furthermore, the annealing treated nanorods show excellent rate capability and cycling stability (ca. 80% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100?m V/s). Our results have confirmed that the annealing treatment has great influence on the capacitive performance of NaV₆O₁₅, which may be attributed to the intrinsic three dimensional (3D) tunneled structures of NaV₆O₁₅, and NR morphology. These findings may further broaden the application of NaV₆O₁₅-based materials for high performance supercapacitors (SCs), aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries and Li-ion capacitors.

Key words: NaV6O15, Nanobelt, Nanorod, Supercapacitor

Ding Taotao,Xu Juan,Chen Cheng,Luo Zhongwei,Dai Jiangnan,Tian Yu,Chen Changqing. Controlled Synthesis of NaV6O15 Nanorods with High Reversible Capacity and Excellent Cycling Stability[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(3): 271-275.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1. (a) Low and (b) high magnification SEM images of untreated NaV6O15; (c) high magnification SEM image of treated NaV6O15; (d) high magnification of TEM image of treated NaV6O15.

Fig.2. XRD pattern (a) and XPS (b-d) spectra of treated NaV6O15

Table 1 Comparison on cycling stability of NaV6O15 and other works

Sample	Reference	Cycle No. (capacity retention)
NaV₆O₁₅ nanorods	Rui et?al.^[14]	100(51.2%)
NaV₆O₁₅ nanoflakes	O'Dwyer et?al.^[15]	400(80%)
NaV₆O₁₅ nanorods	This work	1000(80%)

Fig.2. (a) CV curves of untreated and treated NaV6O15, (b) CV curves of treated NaV6O15 at different scan rates, (c) galvanostantic charge and discharge curves of untreated and treated NaV6O15, (d) charge and discharge curves of treated NaV6O15 at different current densities, (e) the calculated capacitance as the function of the current density, (f) cycling performance of untreated and treated NaV6O15 at a scan rate of 0.1?V/s.

References

[1]	Q. Zhang, D.A. Zhang, Q. Wang, J. Sun, L.L. Xing, X.Y. Xue,Electrochim. Acta, 146(2014), pp. 411-418
[2]	A. Devaraj, M. Gu, R. Colby, P. Yan, C.M. Wang, J.M. Zheng, J. Xiao, A. Genc, J.G. Zhang, I. Belharouak, D. Wang, K. Amine, S. Thevuthasan,Nature, 6(2015), p. 8014
[3]	Q. Wang, J. Sun, Q. Wang, D.A. Zhang, L.L. Xing, X.Y. Xue,J. Mater. Chem.A, 3(2015), pp. 5083-5091
[4]	M. Moradi, Z. Li, J.F. Qi, W.T. Xing, K. Xiang, Y.M. Chiang, A.M. Belcher,Nano Lett, 15(2015), pp. 2917-2921
[5]	Z.G. Hou, X.N. Li, J.W. Liang, Y.C. Zhu, Y.T. Qian,J. Mater. Chem.A, 3(2015), pp. 1400-1404
[6]	X.H. Rui, W.P. Sun, C. Wu, Y. Yu, Q.Y. Yan,Adv. Mater, 27(2015), pp. 6670-6676
[7]	J. Yang, M.Z. Ma, C.C. Sun, Y.F. Zhang, W. Huang, X.C. Dong,J. Mater. Chem.A, 3(2015), pp. 1258-1264
[8]	L. Gu, Y.W. Wang, R. Lu, W. Wang, X.S. Peng, J. Sha,J. Power Sources, 273(2015), pp. 479-485
[9]	X.H. Xia, Y.Q. Zhang, D.L. Chao, Q.Q. Xiong, Z.X. Fan, X.L. Tong, J.P. Tu, H. Zhang, H.J. Fan,Energy Environ. Sci, 8(2015), pp. 1559-1568
[10]	Z.Y. Xiong, C.L. Liao, W.H. Han, X.G. Wang,Adv. Mater, 27(2015), pp. 4469-4475
[11]	G.M. Wang, X.H. Lu, Y.C. Ling, T. Zhai, H.Y. Wang, Y.X. Tong, Y. Li,ACS Nano, 6(2012), pp. 10296-10302
[12]	A.Q. Pan, H.B. Wu, L. Yu, T. Zhu, X.W.D.Lou,ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4(2012), pp. 3874-3879
[13]	J.W. Lee, S.Y. Lim, H.M. Jeong, T.H. Hwang, J.K. Kang, J.W. Choi,Energy Environ. Sci, 5(2012), pp. 9889-9894
[14]	X.H. Rui, Z.Y. Lu, H. Yu, D. Yang, H.H. Hng, T.M. Lim, Q.Y. Yan,Nanoscale, 5(2013), pp. 556-560
[15]	C. O'Dwyer, V. Lavayen, D.A. Tanner, S.B. Newcom, E. Benavente, G. González, C.M.S. Torres,Adv. Funct. Mater, 19(2009), pp. 1736-1745
[16]	D. Hamani, M. Ati, J.M. Tarascon, P. Rozier,Electrochem. Commun, 3(2011), pp. 938-941
[17]	G. Venkatesh, V. Pralong, O.I. Lebedev, V. Caignaert, P. Bazin, B. Raveau,Electrochem. Commun, 40(2014), pp. 100-102
[18]	H.M. Liu, H.S. Zhou, L.P. Chen, Z.F. Tang, W.S. Yang,J. Power Sources, 196(2011), pp. 814-819
[19]	H.M. Liu, Y.G. Wang, L. Li, K.X. Wang, E. Hosono, H.S. Zhou,J. Mater.Chem, 19(2009), pp. 7885-7891
[20]	H.Y. Wang, S.Q. Liu, Y. Ren, W.J. Wang, A.D. Tang,Energy Environ. Sci, 5(2012), pp. 6173-6179
[21]	J. Kohler, H. Makihara, H. Uegaito, H. Inoue, M. Toki,Electrochim. Acta, 46(2000), pp. 59-65
[22]	Y.G. Wang, J. Yi, Y.Y. Xia,Adv. Energy Mater, 2(2012), pp. 830-840
[23]	V. Manev, A. Momchilov, A. Nassalevska, G. Pistoia, M. Pasquali,J. Power Sources, 54(1995), pp. 501-507
[24]	Y. Xu, X. Han, L. Zheng, W. Yan, Y. Xie,J. Mater.Chem, 21(2011), pp. 14466-14472
[25]	D. Sun, G.H. Jin, H.Y. Wang, P. Liu, Y. Ren, Y.F. Jiang, Y.G. Tang, X.B. Huang,J. Mater. Chem.A, 2(2014), pp. 12999-13005
[26]	L. Zhan, S.Q. Wang, L.X. Ding, Z. Li, H.H. Wang,Electrochim. Acta, 135(2014), pp. 35-41
[27]	C.H. An, Y.J. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Xu, L.F. Jiao, H.T. Yuan,Nano Energy, 10(2014), pp. 125-134
[28]	X. Xu, H. Zhou, S.J. Ding, J. Li, B.B. Li, D.M. Yu,J. Power Sources, 267(2014), pp. 641-647
[29]	S.M. Dong, X. Chen, L. Gu, X.H. Zhou, L.F. Li, Z.H. Liu, P.X. Han, H.X. Xu, J.H. Yao, H.B. Wang, X.Y. Zhang, C.Q. Shang, G.L. Cui, L.Q. Chen,Energy Environ. Sci, 4(2011), pp. 3502-3508
[30]	C. Deng, S. Zhang,ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6(2014), pp. 9111-9117
[31]	L.N. Gao, X.F. Wang, Z. Xie, W.F. Song, L.J. Wang, X. Wu, F.Y. Qu, D. Chen, G.Z. Shen,J. Mater. Chem.A, 1(2014), pp. 7167-7173
[32]	H. Hu, L. Yu, X.H. Gao, Z. Lin, X.W.D.Lou,Energy Environ. Sci, 8(2015), pp. 1480-1483
[33]	X. Wang, C.Y. Yan, A. Sumboja, P.S. Lee,Nano Energy, 3(2014), pp. 119-126
[34]	H.Y. Wang, F.X. Xiao, L. Yu, B. Liu, X.W.D.Lou,Small, 10(2014), pp. 3181-3186
[35]	R.S. Devan, R.A. Patil, J.H. Lin, Y.R. Ma,Adv. Funct. Mater, 22(2014), pp. 3326-3370
[36]	X.H. Wang, L. Qiao, X.L. Sun, X.W. Li, D.K. Hu, Q. Zhang, D.Y. He,J. Mater. Chem.A, 1(2013), pp. 4173-4176
[37]	T. Zhai, S.L. Xie, M.H. Yu, P.P. Fang, C.L. Liang, X.H. Lu, Y.X. Tong,Nano Energy, 8(2014), pp. 255-263
[38]	H. Wu, Z. Lou, H. Yang, G.Z. Shen,Nanoscale, 7(2015), p. 1921
[39]	S.K. Meher, G.R. Rao,J. Phys. Chem.C, 115(2011), pp. 15646-15654
[40]	G.Q. Zhang, H.B. Wu, H.E. Hoster, M.B.Chan-Park, X.W. Lou,Energy Environ. Sci, 5(2012), pp. 9453-9456
[41]	G. Cai, X. Wang, M. Cui, P. Darmawan, J. Wang, A.L. Eh, P.S. Lee,Nano Energy, 12(2015), pp. 258-267
[42]	X. Xia, J. Tu, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, C. Gu, X. Zhao, H.J. Fan,ACS Nano, 6(2012), pp. 5531-5538
[43]	X.Y. Liu, Y.Q. Zhang, X.H. Xia, S.J. Shi, Y. Lu, X.L. Wang, C.D. Gu, J.P. Tu,J. Power Sources, 239(2013), pp. 157-163