Bioactive glass nanotube scaffold with well-ordered mesoporous structure for improved bioactivity and controlled drug delivery

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.027

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, a novel mesoporous bioactive glass nanotube (MBGN) scaffold has been fabricated via template-assisted sol-gel method using bacterial cellulose (BC) as template and nonionic block copolymer (P123) as pore-directing agent. The scaffold was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis. Furthermore, simvastatin was used to evaluate the loading efficiency and release kinetics of the scaffold. The obtained scaffold displays nanofiber-like morphology, ordered mesopores on the tube walls, and interconnected three-dimensional (3D) network structure that completely replicates the BC template. In addition, it shows dual pore sizes (16.2 and 3.3 nm), large specific surface area (537.2 m² g^-1) and pore volume (1.429 cm³ g^-1). More importantly, the scaffold possesses excellent apatite-forming ability and sustainable drug release as compared to the counterpart scaffold without mesopores. This unique scaffold can be considered a promising candidate for drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration.

Key words: Bioactive glass, Mesopore, Nanotube, Bioactivity, Drug delivery

Jian Xiao, Yizao Wan, Zhiwei Yang, Yuan Huang, Fanglian Yao, Honglin Luo. Bioactive glass nanotube scaffold with well-ordered mesoporous structure for improved bioactivity and controlled drug delivery[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(9): 1959-1965.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. SEM images of BGN (a) and MBGN (c), and fiber diameter distributions of BGN (b) and MBGN (d). Insets of (a) and (c) show the digital photographs of the corresponding samples, respectively.

Fig. 2. TEM images of BGN (a) and MBGN (c), and HRTEM images of BGN (b) and MBGN (d), EDS spectra of BGN (e) and MBGN (f) scaffolds. Insets of (a) and (c) show SAED patterns of the corresponding samples, respectively.

Fig. 3. Wide-angle (a) and small-angle (b) XRD patterns of BGN and MBGN scaffolds. Inset of (b) shows the enlarged region of MBGN scaffold at around 1.4°-1.9°.

Fig. 4. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of BGN and MBGN scaffolds and (b) pore size distribution curves of BGN and MBGN scaffolds. Inset of (b) shows the enlarged portion from 0 to 18 nm.

Table 1 Structural parameters of BGN and MBGN scaffolds.

Sample	Specific surface area (m² g^-1)	Pore volume (cm³ g^-1)	Pore size (nm)
BGN	196.9	0.385	16.0
MBGN	537.2	1.429	3.3/16.2

Fig. 5. SEM images of BGN (a-c) and MBGN (d-f) scaffolds after soaking in SBF for 8 h (a, d), 16 h (b, e) and 24 h (c, f).

Fig. 6. XRD patterns (a, b) and FTIR spectra (c, d) of MBGN (a, c) and BGN (b, d) scaffolds before and after soaking in SBF for different times.

Fig. 7. TG curves (a) and loading efficiency (b) of SIM in BGN and MBGN scaffolds.

Fig. 8. (a) Release profiles of SIM from BGN and MBGN scaffolds and (b) proposed mechanisms of loading and release of SIM molecules from BGN and MBGN scaffolds.

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