J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2070-2078.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.015
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
H.S. Rena, H.P. Xionga*(), W.M. Longb, B. Chena, Y.X. Shenb, S.J. Pangc
Received:
2018-12-22
Revised:
2019-01-29
Accepted:
2019-03-28
Online:
2019-09-20
Published:
2019-07-26
Contact:
Xiong H.P.
About author:
1 These authors contributed equally to this work.
H.S. Ren, H.P. Xiong, W.M. Long, B. Chen, Y.X. Shen, S.J. Pang. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti3Al/Ni-based superalloy joints brazed with AuNi filler metal[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(9): 2070-2078.
Cr | Fe | Mo | Co | W | C | Ti | Al | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.5-23.0 | 17.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.5-2.5 | 0.2-1.0 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.15 | 0.05 | Bal. |
Table 1 Chemical compositions of GH536 superalloy (wt%).
Cr | Fe | Mo | Co | W | C | Ti | Al | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.5-23.0 | 17.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.5-2.5 | 0.2-1.0 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.15 | 0.05 | Bal. |
Fig. 3. BEI of Ti3Al/GH536 joints brazed at 1253 K with AuNi filler metal for different brazing time: (a) 5 min; (b) 10 min; (c) 15 min; (c) 20 min; (e) magnified morphology of yellow rectangle zone in (c); (f) magnified morphology of red rectangle zone in (c).
Microzone | Ti | Al | Nb | Ni | Au | Fe | Mo | Cr | Co | Deduced phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 46.821 | 18.997 | 17.181 | 12.309 | 3.155 | 0.389 | 1.024 | 0.075 | 0.049 | O-Ti2AlNb + NiTi |
2 | 44.728 | 18.251 | 14.047 | 19.576 | 2.188 | 0.508 | 0.562 | 0.099 | 0.041 | |
3 | 39.165 | 12.178 | 17.509 | 18.639 | 10.963 | 0.471 | 0.887 | 0.126 | 0.062 | O-Ti2AlNb + NiTi(Au) |
4 | 26.394 | 17.776 | 6.218 | 43.008 | 4.080 | 1.145 | 0.532 | 0.695 | 0.152 | AlNi2Ti |
5 | 26.475 | 2.045 | 2.000 | 22.018 | 44.238 | 0.697 | / | 2.392 | 0.135 | TiAu + (Ni,Au)ss |
6 | 5.082 | / | 16.082 | 56.342 | 11.945 | 6.033 | / | 4.372 | 0.144 | Ni3Nb(Au) |
7 | 5.945 | 0.764 | 11.300 | 58.504 | 15.085 | 4.815 | 0.738 | 2.255 | 0.594 | (Ni,Au)ss dissolved with Nb |
8 | 6.892 | 1.978 | / | 22.656 | 49.951 | 8.842 | / | 9.681 | / | (Au,Ni)ss dissolved with Cr, Fe and Ti |
9 | 8.732 | 7.211 | / | 57.671 | 17.662 | 5.823 | / | 2.901 | / | (Ni,Au)ss dissolved with Ti, Al and Fe |
10 | 8.978 | 0.848 | 0.746 | 27.769 | 37.451 | 10.973 | 2.366 | 10.257 | 0.612 | (Ni, Au)ss dissolved with Cr, Fe and Ti |
11 | 12.512 | 5.665 | 2.630 | 58.839 | 7.169 | 3.887 | 4.879 | 3.606 | 0.813 | Ni-rich phase dissolved with Ti and Al |
Table 2 EPMA analysis results for microzones in Fig. 3(e) and (f) (at.%).
Microzone | Ti | Al | Nb | Ni | Au | Fe | Mo | Cr | Co | Deduced phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 46.821 | 18.997 | 17.181 | 12.309 | 3.155 | 0.389 | 1.024 | 0.075 | 0.049 | O-Ti2AlNb + NiTi |
2 | 44.728 | 18.251 | 14.047 | 19.576 | 2.188 | 0.508 | 0.562 | 0.099 | 0.041 | |
3 | 39.165 | 12.178 | 17.509 | 18.639 | 10.963 | 0.471 | 0.887 | 0.126 | 0.062 | O-Ti2AlNb + NiTi(Au) |
4 | 26.394 | 17.776 | 6.218 | 43.008 | 4.080 | 1.145 | 0.532 | 0.695 | 0.152 | AlNi2Ti |
5 | 26.475 | 2.045 | 2.000 | 22.018 | 44.238 | 0.697 | / | 2.392 | 0.135 | TiAu + (Ni,Au)ss |
6 | 5.082 | / | 16.082 | 56.342 | 11.945 | 6.033 | / | 4.372 | 0.144 | Ni3Nb(Au) |
7 | 5.945 | 0.764 | 11.300 | 58.504 | 15.085 | 4.815 | 0.738 | 2.255 | 0.594 | (Ni,Au)ss dissolved with Nb |
8 | 6.892 | 1.978 | / | 22.656 | 49.951 | 8.842 | / | 9.681 | / | (Au,Ni)ss dissolved with Cr, Fe and Ti |
9 | 8.732 | 7.211 | / | 57.671 | 17.662 | 5.823 | / | 2.901 | / | (Ni,Au)ss dissolved with Ti, Al and Fe |
10 | 8.978 | 0.848 | 0.746 | 27.769 | 37.451 | 10.973 | 2.366 | 10.257 | 0.612 | (Ni, Au)ss dissolved with Cr, Fe and Ti |
11 | 12.512 | 5.665 | 2.630 | 58.839 | 7.169 | 3.887 | 4.879 | 3.606 | 0.813 | Ni-rich phase dissolved with Ti and Al |
Fig. 5. (a) TEM micrograph of NiTi and AlNi2Ti phases, selected area electron diffraction patterns of phases of (b) NiTi (simple cubic), (c) AlNi2Ti (body centered cubic, bcc), (d) TEM micrograph of TiAu and Ni3Nb phases, selected area electron diffraction patterns of phases (e) TiAu (bcc), (f) Ni3Nb (hexagonal close-packed, hcp).
Fig. 7. Schematic of microstructure evolution process: (a) AuNi filler melting and atomic diffusion; (b) formation of reaction phases; (c) growth and evolution of reaction phases.
Welding method | Filler alloy | Brittle phase type | Brittle region thickness | Tensile strength at room temperatue | Tensile strength at high temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arc welding | Ti-51.5-54.5Ni-7.3-9.3Nb [ | TiNi, TiNi3 and Ni3Nb | $\widetilde{2}$00 μm | 128 MPa | / |
Ni-32-38Cu [ | Ti2AlNb matrix dissolved with Ni and Cu, Al(Cu,Ni)2Ti and (Cu,Ni)2Ti | 150-180 μm | 242 MPa | 178 MPa at 873 K | |
Gradient fillers [ | Ni3(Nb,Ti) + (Nb,Ti)Cr2 and TiNi3 phases scatteringly distributed in Ti-Ni-Nb matrix | 50-70 μm | 353 MPa | 245 MPa at 873 K | |
Brazing | Ag-21Cu-25Pd [ | β/B2, O-Ti2AlNb, (Ti, Al, Nb)-Pd, (Cu,Pd)ss, Ni3Ti and Ti3Pd5 | $\widetilde{5}$7 μm | 404 MPa | 158 MPa at 873 K |
Au-17.5Ni (this work) | O-Ti2AlNb, NiTi, AlNi2Ti, TiAu and Ni3Nb | $\widetilde{4}$0 μm | 434 MPa | 314 MPa at 923K |
Table 3 Comparisons of different Ti3Al/Ni-based superalloy joints.
Welding method | Filler alloy | Brittle phase type | Brittle region thickness | Tensile strength at room temperatue | Tensile strength at high temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arc welding | Ti-51.5-54.5Ni-7.3-9.3Nb [ | TiNi, TiNi3 and Ni3Nb | $\widetilde{2}$00 μm | 128 MPa | / |
Ni-32-38Cu [ | Ti2AlNb matrix dissolved with Ni and Cu, Al(Cu,Ni)2Ti and (Cu,Ni)2Ti | 150-180 μm | 242 MPa | 178 MPa at 873 K | |
Gradient fillers [ | Ni3(Nb,Ti) + (Nb,Ti)Cr2 and TiNi3 phases scatteringly distributed in Ti-Ni-Nb matrix | 50-70 μm | 353 MPa | 245 MPa at 873 K | |
Brazing | Ag-21Cu-25Pd [ | β/B2, O-Ti2AlNb, (Ti, Al, Nb)-Pd, (Cu,Pd)ss, Ni3Ti and Ti3Pd5 | $\widetilde{5}$7 μm | 404 MPa | 158 MPa at 873 K |
Au-17.5Ni (this work) | O-Ti2AlNb, NiTi, AlNi2Ti, TiAu and Ni3Nb | $\widetilde{4}$0 μm | 434 MPa | 314 MPa at 923K |
Microzone | Ti | Al | Nb | Au | Ni | Cr | Fe | Deduced phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43.78 | 12.44 | 22.84 | 4.58 | 15.06 | / | 1.30 | O-Ti2AlNb + TiNi |
2 | 7.69 | 2.66 | 10.32 | 13.77 | 56.56 | 3.13 | 5.87 | (Ni,Au)ss + Ni3Nb |
Table 4 Compositions of regions marked by squares in Fig. 10(a) (at.%).
Microzone | Ti | Al | Nb | Au | Ni | Cr | Fe | Deduced phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43.78 | 12.44 | 22.84 | 4.58 | 15.06 | / | 1.30 | O-Ti2AlNb + TiNi |
2 | 7.69 | 2.66 | 10.32 | 13.77 | 56.56 | 3.13 | 5.87 | (Ni,Au)ss + Ni3Nb |
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