J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1393-1402.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.02.004
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zhenquan Shena, Ming Zhaob, Dong Biana, Danni Shena, Xiaochen Zhoua, Jianing Liuc, Yang Liua, Hui Guoa, Yufeng Zhengac*(
)
Received:2018-09-03
Revised:2018-11-15
Accepted:2018-11-26
Online:2019-07-20
Published:2019-06-20
Contact:
Zheng Yufeng
About author:1These authors contributed equally to this work.
Zhenquan Shen, Ming Zhao, Dong Bian, Danni Shen, Xiaochen Zhou, Jianing Liu, Yang Liu, Hui Guo, Yufeng Zheng. Predicting the degradation behavior of magnesium alloys with a diffusion-based theoretical model and in vitro corrosion testing[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(7): 1393-1402.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of magnesuim alloys corrosion.
Fig. 2. Flow chart of the ALE adaptive mesh algorithm.
Fig. 3. (a) One-eighth finite element model of the disk-shaped sample used in vitro test, blue part represents corroion environment, red part represents magnesium alloy sample, green part is the interface of the two parts. (b) One-eighth finite element model of the cylinder implant pin.
Fig. 4. (a) As-cast Mg-1Ca alloy, the volume of released hydrogen in unit area varies with immersion time. Scatter is the experimental data, lines are simulation results. (b) as-cast Mg-1Ca alloy, the Mg ions concentration with respect to time. The inserted picture on the bottom right is the sampling points which is marked. (c) as-rolled Mg-3Ge alloy, the volume of released hydrogen in unit area varies with immersion time. Scatter is the experimental data, lines are simulation results. (d) as-rolled Mg-3Ge alloy, the Mg ions concentration with respect to time. The inserted picture on the bottom right is the sampling points which is marked.
| ρMg (kg/m3) | 1735 |
|---|---|
| $ρ_{{Mg(OH)}_{2}}$ (kg/m3) | 2360 |
| ρH2 (g/L) | 0.0899 |
| CHanks (mol/L) | 7.375×10-4 |
| a (mm) | 10 |
| MMg (g/mol) | 24 |
| $M_{{Mg(OH)}_{2}}$ (g/mol) | 58 |
| $M_{{H}_{2}}$ (g/mol) | 2 |
| CSBF (mol/L) | 1.532×10-3 |
| h (mm) | 2 |
Table 1 Basic parameters used in the present study.
| ρMg (kg/m3) | 1735 |
|---|---|
| $ρ_{{Mg(OH)}_{2}}$ (kg/m3) | 2360 |
| ρH2 (g/L) | 0.0899 |
| CHanks (mol/L) | 7.375×10-4 |
| a (mm) | 10 |
| MMg (g/mol) | 24 |
| $M_{{Mg(OH)}_{2}}$ (g/mol) | 58 |
| $M_{{H}_{2}}$ (g/mol) | 2 |
| CSBF (mol/L) | 1.532×10-3 |
| h (mm) | 2 |
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg-1Ca | 1.00% | 0.80 | 1.3×10-2 |
| Mg-3Ge | 3.00% | 0.10 | 1.0×10-4 |
Table 2 Parameters of Mg-1Ca alloy immersed in SBF solution and Mg-3Ge alloy immersed in Hanks solution derived from best fitting.
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg-1Ca | 1.00% | 0.80 | 1.3×10-2 |
| Mg-3Ge | 3.00% | 0.10 | 1.0×10-4 |
Fig. 5. Contour plots of the corrosion environment concentration at different time: (a) 0, (b) 50 h, (c) 100 h, (d) 150 h, (e) 200 h, (f) 250 h. The main picture in each figure is 3D view of the Mg-1Ca alloy pin, the inserted picture is cross section of the Mg-1Ca alloy pin.
Fig. 6. Morphology feature of the Mg-1Ca alloy pin over time: (a) simulation, (b) experiment.
Fig. 7. (a) The weight loss of the Mg-1Ca alloy pin with respect to simulating time. Solid line is the resulted from our model, dash line is obtained from power-law fit of the simulation data, bars are in vivo experiment data. (b) enlarged view of the red part in (a). (c) the volume loss of the Mg-3Ge alloy pin with respect to time. Solid line is the result from our model, dash line is obtained from power-law fit of the simulation data, bars are in vivo experiment data. (d) enlarged view of the red part in (c).
Fig. 8. Volume of hydrogen evolution varies with immersion time, scatter is experimental data, lines are obtained from our model. (a) as-cast Mg-1X alloys immersed in Hanks solution, (b) as-cast Mg-1X alloys immersed in SBF solution, (c) as-rolled Mg-1X alloys immersed in SBF solution, (d) alkaline heat treated Mg-1Ca alloy immersed in SBF solution, (e) surface modification by chitosan Mg-1Ca alloy immersed in SBF solution, (f) microarc oxidation (MAO) coated Mg-1Ca alloy immersed in Hanks solution.
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.86 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.10 | 9.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.10 | 7.5 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788% | 0.10 | 7.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Zr | 0.747% | 0.96 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.10 | 5.5 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.10 | 4.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Al | 1.162% | 0.10 | 4.0 × 10-5 |
Table 3 Parameters of as-cast Mg-1X alloys immersed in Hanks solution derived from best fitting.
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.86 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.10 | 9.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.10 | 7.5 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788% | 0.10 | 7.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Zr | 0.747% | 0.96 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.10 | 5.5 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.10 | 4.0 × 10-5 |
| Mg-1Al | 1.162% | 0.10 | 4.0 × 10-5 |
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.10 | 6.5 × 10-4 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788% | 0.20 | 6.8 × 10-4 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.80 | 4.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.80 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.90 | 1.2 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Al | 1.162% | 0.95 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.98 | 1.1 × 10-1 |
Table 4 Parameters of as-cast Mg-1X alloys immersed in SBF solution derived from best fitting.
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.10 | 6.5 × 10-4 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788% | 0.20 | 6.8 × 10-4 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.80 | 4.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.80 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.90 | 1.2 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Al | 1.162% | 0.95 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.98 | 1.1 × 10-1 |
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.80 | 3.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.80 | 2.7 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.80 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Zr | 0.747% | 0.90 | 6.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Si | 1.189% | 0.80 | 2.7 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.80 | 2.0 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Y | 1.010% | 0.80 | 1.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.95 | 1.5 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788%1 | 0.97 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
Table 5 Parameters of as-rolled Mg-1X alloys immersed in SBF solution derived from best fitting.
| w | ε | D (mm2/h) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg | 0.000% | 0.80 | 3.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Sn | 0.858% | 0.80 | 2.7 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Ag | 0.982% | 0.80 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Zr | 0.747% | 0.90 | 6.5 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Si | 1.189% | 0.80 | 2.7 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1In | 1.010% | 0.80 | 2.0 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Y | 1.010% | 0.80 | 1.8 × 10-3 |
| Mg-1Zn | 1.065% | 0.95 | 1.5 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1Mn | 0.788%1 | 0.97 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
| Mg-1.4Ca | ε | D (mm2/h) |
|---|---|---|
| type3-1 | 0.970 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
| type4-6 | 0.950 | 9.5 × 10-3 |
| type1-6 | 0.920 | 4.0 × 10-3 |
| type2-6 | 0.900 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| type3-3 | 0.990 | 1.2 × 10-1 |
| type3-9 | 0.970 | 1.0 × 10-2 |
| type3-6 | 0.990 | 4.5 × 10-2 |
| Unheated | 0.800 | 1.3 × 10-3 |
| Na2CO3 | 0.992 | 6.8 × 10-1 |
| Na2HPO4 | 0.995 | 1.1 |
| NaHCO3 | 0.992 | 2.5 × 10-1 |
Table 6 Parameters of alkaline heat treated Mg-Ca alloy and surface modification by chitosan Mg-Ca alloy immersed in SBF solution derived from best fitting.
| Mg-1.4Ca | ε | D (mm2/h) |
|---|---|---|
| type3-1 | 0.970 | 3.0 × 10-2 |
| type4-6 | 0.950 | 9.5 × 10-3 |
| type1-6 | 0.920 | 4.0 × 10-3 |
| type2-6 | 0.900 | 2.5 × 10-3 |
| type3-3 | 0.990 | 1.2 × 10-1 |
| type3-9 | 0.970 | 1.0 × 10-2 |
| type3-6 | 0.990 | 4.5 × 10-2 |
| Unheated | 0.800 | 1.3 × 10-3 |
| Na2CO3 | 0.992 | 6.8 × 10-1 |
| Na2HPO4 | 0.995 | 1.1 |
| NaHCO3 | 0.992 | 2.5 × 10-1 |
| Mg-1Ca | ε | D (mm2/h) |
|---|---|---|
| Untreated | 0.0 | 2.5 × 10-4 |
| MAO 300v | 0.1 | 2.3 × 10-5 |
| MAO 400v | 0.2 | 1.0 × 10-5 |
Table 7 Parameters of microarc oxidation (MAO) coated Mg-Ca alloy immersed in Hanks solution derived from best fitting.
| Mg-1Ca | ε | D (mm2/h) |
|---|---|---|
| Untreated | 0.0 | 2.5 × 10-4 |
| MAO 300v | 0.1 | 2.3 × 10-5 |
| MAO 400v | 0.2 | 1.0 × 10-5 |
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