Anaerobic microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanisms interpreted using bioenergetics and bioelectrochemistry: A review

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.02.023

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major cause of corrosion damages, facility failures, and financial losses, making MIC an important research topic. Due to complex microbiological activities and a lack of deep understanding of the interactions between biofilms and metal surfaces, MIC occurrences and mechanisms are difficult to predict and interpret. Many theories and mechanisms have been proposed to explain MIC. In this review, the mechanisms of MIC are discussed using bioenergetics, microbial respiration types, and biofilm extracellular electron transfer (EET). Two main MIC types, namely EET-MIC and metabolite MIC (M-MIC), are discussed. This brief review provides a state of the art insight into MIC mechanisms and it helps the diagnosis and prediction of occurrences of MIC under anaerobic conditions in the oil and gas industry.

Key words: Microbiologically influenced corrosion, Bioenergetics, Biofilm, Bioelectrochemistry, MIC classification, Extracellular electron transfer (EET)

Yingchao Li, Dake Xu, Changfeng Chen, Xiaogang Li, Ru Jia, Dawei Zhang, Wolfgang Sand, Fuhui Wang, Tingyue Gu. Anaerobic microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanisms interpreted using bioenergetics and bioelectrochemistry: A review[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(10): 1713-1718.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a biofilm (A) and corrosion pits (B) (after biofilm removal) on C1018 carbon steel after 7 days of incubation at 37 °C in ATCC 1249 culture medium inoculated with a seed culture from an oilfield biofilm consortium [49].Reproduced with permission from American Chemical Society.

Table 1 Redox potential* (Eo').

Redox couple	E^o' (mV)
Fe²⁺/Fe⁰	-447
CO₂ + acetate/lactate	-430
CO₂/formate	-432
CO₂/methanol	-370
SO₄^2-/HS^-	-217
CO₂/CH₄	-244
NO₂^-/NH₃	+330
NO₃^-/NH₃	+360
2NO₃^-/N₂	+760

Fig. 2. Schematic drawings of: (A) organic carbon-sulfate respiration and (B) BCSR with iron as the electron donor (Only gram-negative SRB have a periplasm.).

Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of DET and MET in MIC by sessile SRB cells, “Med(red)” denotes the reduced form of an electron mediator after electron uptake and “Med(ox)” the oxidized form after electron loss.

Fig. 4. SEM images of SRB cells growing in modified Postgate media lacking carbon.Source: (A) in a colony and (B) individually in a culture medium lacking organic carbon [78]. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.)

Table 2 Comparison of EET-MIC and M-MIC.

EET-MIC	M-MIC
Anaerobic respiration	Anaerobic fermentation or respiration
Intracellular reduction of oxidant	Extracellular reduction of oxidant
Biocatalysis needed for reduction	Biocatalysis not needed for reduction

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