Promising commercial reinforcement to the nanodiamond/epoxy composite by grafting ammonium ions

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.017

Abstract

Abstract:

A simple, economic, efficient and eco-friendly nanodiamond (ND) modifying method to reinforce the ND/epoxy composite for the industrialization of the high-performance ND/epoxy composite is always desired. In the present work, the ND was successfully modified only using aqueous ammonia through an easy-to-operate method by replacing the hydrogen atoms in the carboxyl group with ammonium ions. Ammonia, which is the only pollutant in the process, could be recycled. The modified ND/epoxy composite showed an overwhelming advantage over the neat epoxy or the ND/epoxy composite in storage modulus in their glassy state without any degradation of tensile strength, hardness and fracture toughness.

Key words: Polymer-matrix composites, Interface, Mechanical properties, Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, Nanodiamond/epoxy

Qi Wang, Guodong Wen, Lingzhi Liu, Bo Zhu, Dangsheng Su. Promising commercial reinforcement to the nanodiamond/epoxy composite by grafting ammonium ions[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(6): 990-994.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. N 1s XPS spectra of ND and NH4+-ND (The intensities are not in the same scale).

Table 1 Comparison of some mechanical properties.

Samples	Tensile strength (MPa)	Hardness (MPa)	K_1c (MPa m^1/2)
Neat epoxy	62.5 ± 3.7	168.5 ± 0.2	1.16 ± 0.03
ND/epoxy	65.7 ± 2.0	190.5 ± 0.3	1.45 ± 0.07
NH₄⁺-ND/epoxy	66.4 ± 1.8	181.6 ± 0.3	1.49 ± 0.04

Fig. 2. SEM images of the fracture surface of the neat epoxy (a), the ND/epoxy composite (b) and the NH4+-ND/epoxy composite (c). (The white parts in SEM images were caused by the electric charge accumulation).

Fig. 3. (a) Storage modulus (G’), and (b) tanδ vs temperature curves for the neat epoxy, the ND/epoxy composite and the NH4+-ND/epoxy composite.

Fig. 4. Mechanism of the reinforcement effect by NH4+-ND.

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