J. Mater. Sci. Technol. ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 856-863.DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.02.006
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Jia Z.a, La L.B.T.a, Zhang W.C.b, Liang S.X.a, Jiang B.cb, Xie S.K.e, Habibi D.a, Zhang L.C.a()
Received:
2016-11-18
Revised:
2016-12-13
Accepted:
2016-12-14
Online:
2017-08-20
Published:
2017-10-31
Jia Z., La L.B.T., Zhang W.C., Liang S.X., Jiang B., Xie S.K., Habibi D., Zhang L.C.. Strong enhancement on dye photocatalytic degradation by ball-milled TiO2: A study of cationic and anionic dyes[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(8): 856-863.
Condition | Crystal size (nm) a | Mean particle size (μm) b | Specific surface area (m2 g-1) | Pore volume (cm3 g-1) | Zeta potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-received | 26 | 0.78 | 88.17 | 0.41 | 4.38 |
BM 30 min | 23 | 0.56 | 89.32 | 0.42 | 3.72 |
BM 60 min | 23 | 0.55 | 99.48 | 0.48 | 3.52 |
BM 120 min | 23 | 0.51 | 66.69 | 0.33 | 3.16 |
Table 1 Various properties of TiO2 particles after different BM times.
Condition | Crystal size (nm) a | Mean particle size (μm) b | Specific surface area (m2 g-1) | Pore volume (cm3 g-1) | Zeta potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-received | 26 | 0.78 | 88.17 | 0.41 | 4.38 |
BM 30 min | 23 | 0.56 | 89.32 | 0.42 | 3.72 |
BM 60 min | 23 | 0.55 | 99.48 | 0.48 | 3.52 |
BM 120 min | 23 | 0.51 | 66.69 | 0.33 | 3.16 |
Dye | qe (exp.) (mg g-1) | 1st order model | 2nd order model | W-M model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (cal) (mg g-1) | k1a | R2 | qe (cal) (mg g-1) | k2b | R2 | k3c | Cc | R2 | ||
CR | 13.6 | 8.0 | 0.032 | 0.7985 | 14.2 | 0.020 | 0.9993 | 0.854 | 7.45 | 0.8323 |
MB | 22.2 | 84.1 | 0.218 | 0.7171 | 24.0 | 0.008 | 0.9998 | 1.738 | 9.98 | 0.8564 |
Table 2 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of CR and MB on BM 60 min TiO2 powder.
Dye | qe (exp.) (mg g-1) | 1st order model | 2nd order model | W-M model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (cal) (mg g-1) | k1a | R2 | qe (cal) (mg g-1) | k2b | R2 | k3c | Cc | R2 | ||
CR | 13.6 | 8.0 | 0.032 | 0.7985 | 14.2 | 0.020 | 0.9993 | 0.854 | 7.45 | 0.8323 |
MB | 22.2 | 84.1 | 0.218 | 0.7171 | 24.0 | 0.008 | 0.9998 | 1.738 | 9.98 | 0.8564 |
Dye | Langmuir | Freundlich | Dubinin-Radushkevich | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg g-1) | KL (L mg-1) | R2 | KF (mg1-(1/n) L1/n g-1) | n | R2 | b (mol2 kJ-2) | Ea (kJ mol-1) | R2 | |
CR | 19.38 | 0.241 | 0.9951 | 16.60 | 7.17 | 0.9580 | 1.532 × 10-9 | 18.07 | 0.9541 |
MB | 27.03 | 0.974 | 0.9995 | 8.17 | 4.70 | 0.9693 | 1.049 × 10-9 | 21.80 | 0.9710 |
Table 3 Isotherm parameters for adsorption of CR and MB on BM 60 min TiO2 particles at 25 °C.
Dye | Langmuir | Freundlich | Dubinin-Radushkevich | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg g-1) | KL (L mg-1) | R2 | KF (mg1-(1/n) L1/n g-1) | n | R2 | b (mol2 kJ-2) | Ea (kJ mol-1) | R2 | |
CR | 19.38 | 0.241 | 0.9951 | 16.60 | 7.17 | 0.9580 | 1.532 × 10-9 | 18.07 | 0.9541 |
MB | 27.03 | 0.974 | 0.9995 | 8.17 | 4.70 | 0.9693 | 1.049 × 10-9 | 21.80 | 0.9710 |
Fig. 9 shows the effect of color removals on CR and MB dye solutions of pH value ranging from 2 to 12. It is observed that the color removal of CR dye is more sensitive in acidic conditions. In contrast, the color removal of MB dye is more sensitive in alkaline conditions. The optimum pH value of the CR dye is in the range of 2.00-5.14, where 100% decolorization can be achieved after 60 min. However, MB dye has an opposite characteristics to CR dye in that the optimum pH range is from 7.58 to 12.00. The reason for the different performance of CR and MB dyes is the amphoteric state of the TiO2 surface (Eqs. (7) and (8)),
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